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Three separate sub-regions have been assessed within the region, including drainage basins and their associated coastal/marine zones: the South/Southeast Atlantic Basins, East Atlantic Basins, and São Francisco River Basin. Increased anthropogenic pressures due to economic development and urbanization in the coastal area have polluted the water environment and caused severe impact on important ecosystems such as coastal plains and mangrove ecosystems. Significant changes in the suspended solids transport/sedimentation dynamics in the river basins due to unsustainable land use practices associated to intense deforestation and damming has caused increasing erosion of coastal zones, silting of riverbeds, and modified the stream flows resulting in periods of water scarcity and flooding in some basins. The root causes of pollution and habitat and community modification are identified for the bi-national Mirim Lagoon Basin, a transboundary freshwater body shared between Brazil and Uruguay, and Doce River Basin that hosts biomes of global importance. Potential remedial policy options are presented.--Publisher's description

[EN] This paper proposes an architecture aiming at promoting the convergence of the physical and digital worlds, through CPS and IoT technologies, to accommodate more customized and higher quality products following Industry 4.0 concepts. The architecture combines concepts such as cyber-physical systems, decentralization, modularity and scalability aiming at responsive production. Combining these aspects with virtualization, contextualization, modeling and simulation capabilities it will enable self-adaptation, situational awareness and decentralized decision-making to answer dynamic market demands and support the design and reconfiguration of the manufacturing enterprise. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union H2020 project C2 NET (FoF-01-2014) nr 636909. ; Marques, M.; Agostinho, C.; Zacharewicz, G.; Poler, R.; Jardim-Goncalves, R. (2018). Responsive Production in Manufacturing: A Modular Architecture. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. 140:231-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78437-3_10 ; S ; 231 ; 254 ; 140 ; European Commission: For a European Industrial Renaissance, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (2014) ; Hartmann, B., King, W.P., Narayanan, S.: Digital manufacturing: the revolution will be virtualized. McKinsey & Company (2015) ; European Forum for Manufacture: Driving Innovation and Growth in European Manufacturing (2015) ; European Factories of the Future Research Association (EFFRA): Factories of the Future: Multi-annual Roadmap for the Contractual PPP under the Horizon 2020 (2013) ; European Commission: Horizon 2020—Work Programme 2016–2017: 17. Cross-cutting Activities (2016) ; Schlaepfer, R.C., Koch, M., Merkofer, P.: Industry 4.0 challenges and solutions for the digital transformation and use of exponential technologies. Deloitte AG (2015) ; 7iD: Industry 4.0. https://www.7id.com/technology/industry-4-0/ (2016) ...

231 254 140 ; S Forbes, J., Naujok, N., Geissbauer, R., Vedso, J., Schrauf, S.: Industry 4.0: building the digital enterprise. PWC (2016) ; [EN] This paper proposes an architecture aiming at promoting the convergence of the physical and digital worlds, through CPS and IoT technologies, to accommodate more customized and higher quality products following Industry 4.0 concepts. The architecture combines concepts such as cyber-physical systems, decentralization, modularity and scalability aiming at responsive production. Combining these aspects with virtualization, contextualization, modeling and simulation capabilities it will enable self-adaptation, situational awareness and decentralized decision-making to answer dynamic market demands and support the design and reconfiguration of the manufacturing enterprise. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union H2020 project C2 NET (FoF-01-2014) nr 636909. Marques, M.; Agostinho, C.; Zacharewicz, G.; Poler, R.; Jardim-Goncalves, R. (2018). Responsive Production in Manufacturing: A Modular Architecture. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. 140:231-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78437-3_10 European Commission: For a European Industrial Renaissance, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (2014) Hartmann, B., King, W.P., Narayanan, S.: Digital manufacturing: the revolution will be virtualized. McKinsey & Company (2015) European Forum for Manufacture: Driving Innovation and Growth in European Manufacturing (2015) European Factories of the Future Research Association (EFFRA): Factories of the Future: Multi-annual Roadmap for the Contractual PPP under the Horizon 2020 (2013) European Commission: Horizon 2020—Work Programme 2016–2017: 17. Cross-cutting Activities (2016) Schlaepfer, R.C., Koch, M., Merkofer, P.: Industry 4.0 challenges and solutions for the digital transformation and use of exponential ...

Component: 1.3.1 Develop and propose a conceptual methodology for transboundary MSP in the Northern Atlantic, with operational details on selected aspects Sub-component: 1.3.1.3 Coordination of sectorial policies Several policy instruments available draw the legal framework of the MSP, namely the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context. There is a significant variance in the methodologies, orientations, tools, goals and objectives among all European countries and MSP initiatives. A transboundary approach requires looking to the overall national policies of the countries involved regarding environmental conservation priorities and the priorities concerning economic development. The report provides key principles to enhance coordination and success of sectorial policies and recommendations for the MSP process. ; This report was produced as part of SIMNORAT Project (Grant Agreement N0. EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/03/SI2.742089). Competition for maritime space – for renewable energy equipment, aquaculture and other uses – has highlighted the need to manage our waters more coherently. Maritime spatial planning (MSP) works across borders and sectors to ensure human activities at sea take place in an efficient, safe and sustainable way. That is why the European Parliament and the Council have adopted a legislation to create a common framework for maritime spatial planning in Europe. The Directive 2014/89/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 (said Maritime Spatial Planning Directive) establishes a framework in order to reduce conflicts between sectors and create synergies between different activities, to encourage investment – by creating predictability, transparency and clearer rules, to increase cross-border cooperation – between EU countries to develop energy grids, shipping lanes, pipelines, submarine cables and other activities, but also to ...

Component: 1.3.1 Develop and propose a conceptual methodology for transboundary MSP in the Northern Atlantic, with operational details on selected aspects Sub-component: 1.3.1.2 The definition and application of MSP by the OSPAR Convention taking into consideration the relationship between EU and non EU countries The political commitment for MSP by OSPAR and the cooperation in the North Sea were addressed in the Bergen Declaration, assigned in 2002, in the Fifth International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea. OSPAR Convention does not have a direct role on MSP implementation neither a legal framework. Despite this fact, OSPAR has an important contribution setting baseline information and guidelines in key aspects to the success of the development of a joint regional marine spatial planning perspective, especially on the development of OSPAR region, tailor-made principles for maritime spatial planning. An Intersessional Correspondence Groups (ICG) Working Group on MSP was established to design a set of guidelines to implement MSP in the North Atlantic Region in which all Contracting Parties agreed to pursue strategies that would promote cooperation in spatial planning between competent authorities. Questions of concern about transboundary cooperation on MSP, transnational consultation and the requirement of a region-specific, tailor-made approach to apply MSP supporting the Ecosystem Approach and the share of experiences and best practices regarding marine spatial planning are also central questions set in the OSPAR´s North-East Atlantic environment Strategy. OSPAR develops mechanisms for early transnational consultation on spatial plans highlighting the interactions that could promote integration, early stakeholder involvement and the introduction of MSP by all Contracting Parties. OSPAR is also actively involved in, and supportive of, initiatives and projects in MSP undertaken by the European Commission under the Integrated Maritime Policy. OSPAR Commission serves as an efficient platform to ...

Objective: The aim of this study was to adjust the zidovudine (AZT) release from solid tablets to an ideal profile, by developing matrices comprising swellable polymers with nonswellable ones. Methods: Directly compressed matrices comprised different ratios of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K15M and K100M, ethylcellulose, and methacrylic acid (Eudragit® RS PO and Eudragit® RL PO) were prepared. Technological characterization and evaluation of the in vitro release behavior were carried out. Cell density and viability following drug exposure were evaluated by the SRB method, for the Caco-2 line, while cell morphology was assessed upon Trypan blue staining. Results: A specific formulation containing 5% of each excipient − HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, Eudragit® RS PO, and Eudragit® RL PO − was found to yield the best release profile. Application of the Korsmeyer–Peppas model to the dissolution profile evidenced that a non-Fickian (anomalous) transport is involved in the drug release. Regarding the influence of the tablets' composition on the drug's cytotoxic effect toward the Caco-2 cell line, a reduction of cell biomass (0–15%) was verified for the distinct AZT formulations tested, F19 having displayed the highest cytotoxicity, after 24 and 48 h of incubation. Additionally, a high reversibility of the AZT effect was observed. Conclusions: The results showed that the simultaneous application of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers can modulate the drug release process, leading to an improved efficacy and patient compliance. All AZT formulations studied were found to be cytotoxic against Caco-2 cells, F19 being the most effective one. ; J.V.S. acknowledges PhD fellowship from the Programme Alβan, the European Union Programme of High Level Scholarships for Latin America (scholarship no. E06D100103BR).

Component 1.3.2 – Spatial demands and future trends for maritime sectors and marine conservation C1.3.2 Marine protected area took into account in the context of marine spatial planning Comprehensive review of MPA policies: in the SIMNORAT area, over 30 different MPA categories have been identified, coming from international, European or national regulations. MPA landscape is therefore complex since each of these categories could have different objectives (from strict conservation to sustainable development) and management processes. The review carried out through SIMNORAT aimed to better inform planners on each MPA category to facilitate integration of MPA policies within MSP process. Several key questions were driving the study: what objectives does the MPA pursue? how is it managed? what kind of regulation is implemented? to which sector are the regulations addressed? what is the management body? Are stakeholders involved in the governance? ; This report was produced as part of SIMNORAT Project (Grant Agreement N0. EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/03/SI2.742089). Competition for maritime space – for renewable energy equipment, aquaculture and other uses – has highlighted the need to manage our waters more coherently. Maritime spatial planning (MSP) works across borders and sectors to ensure human activities at sea take place in an efficient, safe and sustainable way. That is why the European Parliament and the Council have adopted a legislation to create a common framework for maritime spatial planning in Europe. The Directive 2014/89/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 (said Maritime Spatial Planning Directive) establishes a framework in order to reduce conflicts between sectors and create synergies between different activities, to encourage investment – by creating predictability, transparency and clearer rules, to increase cross-border cooperation – between EU countries to develop energy grids, shipping lanes, pipelines, submarine cables and other activities, but also to develop ...

Funding: This work was supported in part by the PRIME-XS project, grant agreement number 262067, funded by the European Union seventh Framework Programme. We also thank Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for financial support through projects UID/QUI/00100/2020 (to CQE), RECI/QEQ-MED/0330/2012 and PTDC/QUI-QAN/32242/2017, as well as contract CEECIND/02001/2017 (to A.M.M.A) and doctoral fellowships SFRH/BD/80690/2011 (to SGH), SFRH/BD/75426/2010 (to ILM), and SFRH/BD/102846/2014 (to CC). Joint funding from FCT and the COMPETE Program through grant SAICTPAC/0019/2015 and RNEM-LISBOA-01-0145- FEDER-022125 funding are also gratefully acknowledged. The CRG/UPF Proteomics Unit is part of the "Plataforma de Recursos Biomoleculares y Bioinformáticos (ProteoRed)" supported by grant PT13/0001 of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). ; Nevirapine (NVP), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor widely used in combined antiretroviral therapy and to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, is associated with several adverse side effects. Using 12-mesyloxy-nevirapine, a model electrophile of the reactive metabolites derived from the NVP Phase I metabolite, 12-hydroxy-NVP, we demonstrate that the nucleophilic core and C-terminal residues of histones are targets for covalent adduct formation. We identified multiple NVP-modification sites at lysine (e.g., H2BK47, H4K32), histidine (e.g., H2BH110, H4H76), and serine (e.g., H2BS33) residues of the four histones using a mass spectrometry-based bottom-up proteomic analysis. In particular, H2BK47, H2BH110, H2AH83, and H4H76 were found to be potential hot spots for NVP incorporation. Notably, a remarkable selectivity to the imidazole ring of histidine was observed, with modification by NVP detected in three out of the 11 histidine residues of histones. This suggests that NVP-modified histidine residues of histones are prospective markers of the drug's bioactivation and/or toxicity. Importantly, NVP-derived ...

These transfers of sovereignty resulted in extensive, unforeseen movements of citizens and subjects to their former countries. The phenomenon of postcolonial migration affected not only European nations, but also the United States, Japan and post-Soviet Russia. The political and societal reactions to the unexpected and often unwelcome migrants was significant to postcolonial migrants' identity politics and how these influenced metropolitan debates about citizenship, national identity and colonial history. The contributors explore the historical background and contemporary significance of these migrations and discuss the ethnic and class composition and the patterns of integration of the migrant population