Suchergebnisse

List of Tables -- List of Figures -- List of Charts -- Preface -- Introduction and Overview -- PART 1 TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT -- Instruments of Trade and Industrial Policy -- Trade Policy and Development -- PART 2 TOOLS OF POLICY EVALUATION: PARTIAL ANALYSIS -- The Structure of Nominal Protection -- The Effective Protection -- Analysis Domestic Resource -- Cost Analysis -- PART 3 TOOLS OF GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS -- Shift Analysis and the Incidence of Protection Shift -- Analysis and the Incidence of Protection -- Computable General Equilibrium -- Modelling Applied CGE -- Analysis of Trade Policy -- PART 4 EVALUATING COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE -- Revealed Comparative Advantage -- Potential Comparative Advantage -- PART 5 THE MODELLING AND REFORMULATION OF POLICY -- Structural Adjustment Lending: Rationale and Trade Aspects -- Structural Adjustment Lending: Timing, Sequencing and Sustainability.

Preface Notes on the Contributors -- Introduction: Current Issues and the Structure of the Book; D.Llewellyn & C.Milner -- Exchange Rate Economics; R.Dornbusch -- Exchange Rate Dynamics; M.Beenstock -- Empirical Studies of Exchange Rate Determination; R.MacDonald -- Stabilisation Policy with Flexible Exchange Rates; C.Kearney .-International Policy Coordination; D.Currie -- Domestic and International Financial Imbalances and Adjustment; A.Dean -- The Analysis of International Debt; N.Snowden -- Exchange Rate Arrangements; R.Aliber -- The International Monetary System; D.Llewellyn -- Index.

Since the late 1980's many Sub-Saharan African governments, under the auspices of the World Bank and IMF, have embarked on substantial reform programmes aimed at liberalising trade and expanding exports. There has been a large literature exploring aggregate export and growth response to trade liberalisation, but relatively little empirical work on the labour market effects of these programmes. This paper seeks to provide insights into the individual wage effects of the trade-status of firms. Specifically, it provides a micro-econometric analysis of the implications for African manufacturing worker's earnings of being employed in an exporting firm. Using a rich employer-employee matched data set for manufacturing firms in six Sub-Saharan countries over the period 1993 to 1995; we find a positive association between individual earnings and the export status of the firm. Moreover, it appears that the skill wage premium in exporting firms is significantly higher. These results are consistent with either trade inducing higher wages, or with more productive (higher wage) firms, self-selecting themselves into export activity. The results also reveal however, that export destination matters and that the wage premium varies across export markets. In particular, exports to competitive markets outside Africa generate a negative export wage premium whereas exporting to the less competitive African market yields a positive effect on wages. This suggests that there is a greater disciplining effect on wages when exporting is to more competitive markets.

Gravity models have been extensively used to evaluate the trade effects of regional trading arrangements, (RTAs), especially over the last 10 years or so. Questions addressed by researchers include, is there a regional bias to trade and are there identifiable trade affects attributable to RTAs? This paper reviews the evidence extant from this literature and evaluates the modelling and methodological issues confronted when applying gravity modelling to the analysis of regionalism. The paper argues that the approach has a distinctive role to play in evaluating trade effects and its application has been enhanced by both the refinement of theoretical underpinnings and development of econometric technique.

Gravity models have been extensively used to evaluate the trade effects of regional trading arrangements, (RTAs), especially over the last 10 years or so. Questions addressed by researchers include whether there is a regional bias to trade & identifiable trade affects attributable to RTAs. This paper reviews the evidence extant from this literature & evaluates the modeling & methodological issues confronted when applying gravity modeling to the analysis of regionalism. The paper argues that the approach has a distinctive role to play in evaluating trade effects & its application has been enhanced by both the refinement of theoretical underpinnings & development of econometric technique. 4 Tables, 34 References. Adapted from the source document.