Suchergebnisse

[EN] The objective of this study was to assess impact of cryopreserved European eel sperm and Japanese eel native sperm on early fertilization, hatch, survival, and malformation rates of larvae, as well as develop molecular techniques to distinguish different eel species. Eggs from Japanese eel females (Anguilla japonica) were artificially fertilized with sperm of Japanese eel males and cryopreserved sperm from European eel (A. anguilla, extender was modified Tanaka solution and methanol as cryoprotectant). There were no statistical differences (p¿>¿0.05) among the measured parameters such as fertilization, hatch and survival after 10 days post-hatch rates due to large individual differences. The malformation rate of larvae compared to the hatching rate was higher in cryopreserved groups than in the control indicating that the methodology needs further refinement. Genetic analyses (PCR-RFLP, PCR-HRM) proved a clear result in the detection of paternal contribution in hybridization between the Japanese and the European eel and applied PCR-HRM method is a quick and cost effective tool to identify illegally imported A. anguilla at the glass eel stage, which can be transported from Europe to Asia. ; The research was supported by The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Kakenhi Grant No.15K07562 and Tokyo University of Agriculture Strategic Research Program (TUA-SRP), Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (grant number 12252178), GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00054 project of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary and EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00008 project. The project is co-financed by the European Union, the European Social Fund and KMR_12-1-2012-0435. ; Müller, T.; Matsubara, H.; Kubara, Y.; Horváth, Á.; Kolics, B.; Taller, J.; Stéger, V. (2018). Testing cryopreserved European eel sperm for hybridization (A. japonica × A. anguilla). Theriogenology. 113:153-158. ...

153 158 113 ; S ; [EN] The objective of this study was to assess impact of cryopreserved European eel sperm and Japanese eel native sperm on early fertilization, hatch, survival, and malformation rates of larvae, as well as develop molecular techniques to distinguish different eel species. Eggs from Japanese eel females (Anguilla japonica) were artificially fertilized with sperm of Japanese eel males and cryopreserved sperm from European eel (A. anguilla, extender was modified Tanaka solution and methanol as cryoprotectant). There were no statistical differences (p¿>¿0.05) among the measured parameters such as fertilization, hatch and survival after 10 days post-hatch rates due to large individual differences. The malformation rate of larvae compared to the hatching rate was higher in cryopreserved groups than in the control indicating that the methodology needs further refinement. Genetic analyses (PCR-RFLP, PCR-HRM) proved a clear result in the detection of paternal contribution in hybridization between the Japanese and the European eel and applied PCR-HRM method is a quick and cost effective tool to identify illegally imported A. anguilla at the glass eel stage, which can be transported from Europe to Asia. The research was supported by The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Kakenhi Grant No.15K07562 and Tokyo University of Agriculture Strategic Research Program (TUA-SRP), Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (grant number 12252178), GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00054 project of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary and EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00008 project. The project is co-financed by the European Union, the European Social Fund and KMR_12-1-2012-0435. Müller, T.; Matsubara, H.; Kubara, Y.; Horváth, Á.; Kolics, B.; Taller, J.; Stéger, V. (2018). Testing cryopreserved European eel sperm for hybridization (A. japonica × A. anguilla). Theriogenology. 113:153-158. ...

In 2004, the European Union (EU) implemented a pet movement policy (referred to here as the EUPMP) under EU regulation 998/2003. The United Kingdom (UK) was granted a temporary derogation from the policy until December 2011 and instead has in place its own Pet Movement Policy (Pet Travel Scheme (PETS)). A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was developed to estimate the risk of rabies introduction to the UK under both schemes to quantify any change in the risk of rabies introduction should the UK harmonize with the EU policy. Assuming 100 % compliance with the regulations, moving to the EUPMP was predicted to increase the annual risk of rabies introduction to the UK by approximately 60‐fold, from 7.79 × 10−5 (5.90 × 10−5, 1.06 × 10−4) under the current scheme to 4.79 × 10−3 (4.05 × 10−3, 5.65 × 10−3) under the EUPMP. This corresponds to a decrease from 13,272 (9,408, 16,940) to 211 (177, 247) years between rabies introductions. The risks associated with both the schemes were predicted to increase when less than 100 % compliance was assumed, with the current scheme of PETS and quarantine being shown to be particularly sensitive to noncompliance. The results of this risk assessment, along with other evidence, formed a scientific evidence base to inform policy decision with respect to companion animal movement.

Context. A group of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are dynamically related to the dwarf planet 136108 Haumea. Ten of them show strong indications of water ice on their surfaces, are assumed to have resulted from a collision, and are accepted as the only known TNO collisional family. Nineteen other dynamically similar objects lack water ice absorptions and are hypothesized to be dynamical interlopers. Aims. We have made observations to determine sizes and geometric albedos of six of the accepted Haumea family members and one dynamical interloper. Ten other dynamical interlopers have been measured by previous works. We compare the individual and statistical properties of the family members and interlopers, examining the size and albedo distributions of both groups. We also examine implications for the total mass of the family and their ejection velocities. Methods. We use far-infrared space-based telescopes to observe the target TNOs near their thermal peak and combine these data with optical magnitudes to derive sizes and albedos using radiometric techniques. Using measured and inferred sizes together with ejection velocities, we determine the power-law slope of ejection velocity as a function of effective diameter. Results. The detected Haumea family members have a diversity of geometric albedos 0.3-0.8, which are higher than geometric albedos of dynamically similar objects without water ice. The median geometric albedo for accepted family members is pV = 0.48-0.18 +0.28, compared to 0.08-0.05 +0.07 for the dynamical interlopers. In the size range D = 175-300 km, the slope of the cumulative size distribution is q = 3.2-0.4 +0.7 for accepted family members, steeper than the q = 2.0 ± 0.6 slope for the dynamical interlopers with D < 500 km. The total mass of Haumea's moons and family members is 2.4% of Haumea's mass. The ejection velocities required to emplace them on their current orbits show a dependence on diameter, with a power-law slope of 0.21-0.50. © ESO 2018. ; Part of this work was supported by the German DLR project number 50 OR 1108. T.M., C.K., P.S., and R.D. acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no 687378. A.P. acknowledges the grant LP2012-31 of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. N.P. acknowledges funding by the Portuguese FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology (ref: SFRH/BGCT/113686/2015). CITEUC is funded by Portuguese National Funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology (project: UID/Multi/00611/2013) and FEDER - European Regional Development Fund through COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalisation (project: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006922). C.K. has been supported by the K-125015 and GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00003 grants of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH, Hungary).

Seizure threshold 2 (SZT2) is a component of the KICSTOR complex which, under catabolic conditions, functions as a negative regulator in the amino acid-sensing branch of mTORC1. Mutations in this gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathy whose main symptoms include epilepsy, intellectual disability, and macrocephaly. As SZT2 remains one of the least characterized regulators of mTORC1, in this work we performed a systematic interactome analysis under catabolic and anabolic conditions. Besides numerous mTORC1 and AMPK signaling components, we identified clusters of proteins related to autophagy, ciliogenesis regulation, neurogenesis, and neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, analysis of SZT2 ablated cells revealed increased mTORC1 signaling activation that could be reversed by Rapamycin or Torin treatments. Strikingly, SZT2 KO cells also exhibited higher levels of autophagic components, independent of the physiological conditions tested. These results are consistent with our interactome data, in which we detected an enriched pool of selective autophagy receptors/regulators. Moreover, preliminary analyses indicated that SZT2 alters ciliogenesis. Overall, the data presented form the basis to comprehensively investigate the physiological functions of SZT2 that could explain major molecular events in the pathophysiology of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in patients with SZT2 mutations. ; Europäische Kommission Marie Skłodowska-Curie 812616 H2020 754688 ; Universität Innsbruck (DE-588)36165-3 316826 ; Tirol Landesregierung (DE-588)1009573-1 TWF 18903 ; Version of record

Anthropogenic emissions are a dominant contributor to air pollution. Consequently, mitigation policies have attempted to reduce anthropogenic pollution emissions in Europe since the 1990s. To evaluate the effectiveness of these mitigation policies, the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) was established in 2008, focusing on black carbon and sub-micrometer aerosol particles, especially ultrafine particles. In this investigation, trends of the size-resolved particle number concentrations (PNC) and the equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentration over a 10-year period (2009–2018) were evaluated for 16 observational sites for different environments among GUAN. The trend analysis was done for both, the full-length time series and on subsets of the time series in order to test the reliability of the results. The results show generally decreasing trends of both, the PNCs for all size ranges as well as eBC mass concentrations in all environments, except PNC in 10–30 nm at regional background and mountain sites. The annual slope of the eBC mass concentration varies between −7.7 % and −1.8 % per year. The slopes of the PNCs varies from −6.3 % to 2.7 %, −7.0 % to −2.0 %, and −9.5 % to −1.5 % per year (only significant trends) for 10–30 nm, 30–200 nm, and 200–800 nm particle diameter, respectively. The regional Mann-Kendall test yielded regional-scale trends of eBC mass concentration, N[30–200] and N[200–800] of −3.8 %, −2.0 % and −2.4 %, respectively, indicating an overall decreasing trend for eBC mass concentration and sub-micrometer PNC (except N[10–30]) all over Germany. The most significant decrease was observed on working days and during daytime in urban areas, which implies a strong evidence of reduced anthropogenic emissions. For the seasonal trends, stronger reductions were observed in winter. Possible reasons for this reduction can be the increased average ambient temperatures and wind speed in winter, which resulted in less domestic heating and stronger dilution. In addition, decreased precipitation in summer also diminishes the decrease of the PNCs and eBC mass concentration. For the period of interest, there were no significant changes in long-range transport patterns. The most likely factors for the observed decreasing trends are declining anthropogenic emissions due to emission mitigation policies of the European Union.

The combination of visible and thermal data from the ground and astrophysics space missions is key to improving the scientific understanding of near-Earth, main-belt, trojans, centaurs, and trans-Neptunian objects. To get full information on a small sample of selected bodies we combine different methods and techniques: lightcurve inversion, stellar occultations, thermophysical modelling, radiometric methods, radar ranging and adaptive optics imaging. The SBNAF project will derive size, spin and shape, thermal inertia, surface roughness, and in some cases bulk densities and even internal structure and composition, for objects out to the most distant regions in the Solar System. The applications to objects with ground-truth information allows us to advance the techniques beyond the current state-of-the-art and to assess the limitations of each method. We present results from our project's first phase: the analysis of combined Herschel-KeplerK2 data and Herschel-occultation data for TNOs; synergy studies on large MBAs from combined high-quality visual and thermal data; establishment of well-known asteroids as celestial calibrators for far-infrared, sub-millimetre, and millimetre projects; first results on near-Earth asteroids properties from combined lightcurve, radar and thermal measurements, as well as the Hayabusa-2 mission target characterisation. We also introduce public web-services and tools for studies of small bodies in general. © 2017 COSPAR ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no. 687378.

Context. Thanks to the Gaia mission, it will be possible to determine the masses of approximately hundreds of large main belt asteroids with very good precision. We currently have diameter estimates for all of them that can be used to compute their volume and hence their density. However, some of those diameters are still based on simple thermal models, which can occasionally lead to volume uncertainties as high as 20-30%. Aims. The aim of this paper is to determine the 3D shape models and compute the volumes for 13 main belt asteroids that were selected from those targets for which Gaia will provide the mass with an accuracy of better than 10%. Methods. We used the genetic Shaping Asteroids with Genetic Evolution (SAGE) algorithm to fit disk-integrated, dense photometric lightcurves and obtain detailed asteroid shape models. These models were scaled by fitting them to available stellar occultation and/or thermal infrared observations. Results. We determine the spin and shape models for 13 main belt asteroids using the SAGE algorithm. Occultation fitting enables us to confirm main shape features and the spin state, while thermophysical modeling leads to more precise diameters as well as estimates of thermal inertia values. Conclusions. We calculated the volume of our sample of main-belt asteroids for which the Gaia satellite will provide precise mass determinations. From our volumes, it will then be possible to more accurately compute the bulk density, which is a fundamental physical property needed to understand the formation and evolution processes of small Solar System bodies. © ESO 2020. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement no 687378 (SBNAF). Funding for the Kepler and K2 missions is provided by the NASA Science Mission directorate. L.M. was supported by the Premium Postdoctoral Research Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The research leading to these results has received funding from the LP2012-31 and LP2018-7 Lendulet grants of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This project has been supported by the Lendulet grant LP2012-31 of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and by the GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00003 grant of the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH). TRAPPIST-South is a project funded by the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS) under grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F. TRAPPIST-North is a project funded by the University of Liege, and performed in collaboration with Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakesh. E.J. is a FNRS Senior Research Associate. "The Joan Oro Telescope (TJO) of the Montsec Astronomical Observatory (OAdM) is owned by the Catalan Government and operated by the Institute for Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)." "This article is based on observations made with the SARA telescopes (Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy), whose node is located at the Kitt Peak National Observatory, AZ under the auspices of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO)." "This project uses data from the SuperWASP archive. The WASP project is currently funded and operated by Warwick University and Keele University, and was originally set up by Queen's University Belfast, the Universities of Keele, St. Andrews, and Leicester, the Open University, the Isaac Newton Group, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the South African Astronomical Observatory, and by STFC." "This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration." The work of TSR was carried out through grant APOSTD/2019/046 by Generalitat Valenciana (Spain)

The Fourier coeffcients v2and v3characterizing the anisotropy of the azimuthal distribution of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at √sNN= 5.02 TeV are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment. The measurements cover a broad transverse momentum range, 1 10 GeV/c range, where anisotropic azimuthal distributions should reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. Results are presented in several bins of PbPb collision centrality, spanning the 60% most central events. The v2coeffcient is measured with the scalar product and the multiparticle cumulant methods, which have different sensitivities to initial-state fluctuations. The values from both methods remain positive up to pT∼ 60–80 GeV/c, in all examined centrality classes. The v3coeffcient, only measured with the scalar product method, tends to zero for pT>~ 20 GeV/c. Comparisons between theoretical calculations and data provide new constraints on the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in heavy ion collisions and highlight the importance of the initial-state fluctuations. ; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund, the Mobility Plus program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Center (Poland), contracts Harmonia 2014/14/M/ST2/00428, Opus 2014/13/B/ST2/02543, 2014/15/B/ST2/03998, and 2015/19/B/ST2/02861, Sonata-bis 2012/07/E/ST2/01406; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Programa Clarín-COFUND del Principado de Asturias; the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project (Thailand); and the Welch Foundation, contract C-1845. ; Peer Reviewed