Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis research investigates whether and how board independence influences corporate investment decisions in a Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) framework, where the capital investment and the research and development (R&D) investment are examined simultaneously. We argue that the free cash flow problem primarily inflicts capital investments, while the managerial conservatism mainly undercuts the more risky R&D investments. Consistent with independent board mitigating both agency problems, we find that firms with a higher degree of board independence is negatively associated with capital investments but positively associated with R&D investments, after controlling for common determinants of investments. We address the endogeneity of board independence by exploiting an exogenous change in board structure brought about by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) and continue to find consistent results.

The arrival of many new Chinese migrants since the early 1990s seems to have created a tension between Chinese and Maori in New Zealand. This study explores how young Maori and Chinese migrants perceive each other in the Auckland region, a site of intercultural interaction. In-depth interviews were carried out among eleven new Chinese migrants and the same number of Maori youth, i.e., those in the ages 20 to 36. Findings suggest that Chinese migrants generally perceive Maori negatively and seem reluctant to interact with them, while Maori have slightly positive views towards Chinese and are willing to interact with them. Media reports and lack of personal contact between the two groups may have shaped these perceptions. Closer interaction between the two groups is expected to promote better understanding of each other.

New Chinese migrants from the People's Republic of China to New Zealand are renowned for their transnational mobility. Based on an online survey among this group of migrants, this paper aims to explore how economic factors in Chinese transnational migration play out in a way different from that posited by some conventional conceptions in migration studies. For example, compared with the conventional remittance flow that usually takes place from migrant-receiving countries to migrant-sending countries, this research finds a reverse remittance transaction channel among prc migrants. This reverse remittance flow is a manifestation of China's economic revitalization, which benefited New Zealand, especially in the recent economic crisis. It was also found that economic reasons were not decisive in an immigrant's decision to settle in New Zealand. However, economic reasons contributed significantly to their on-going movements after arriving in New Zealand. prc immigrants' deciding to migrate or re-migrate reflects a layering of priorities that measure the short-term goal of maintaining economic livelihood against the longer-term goal of ensuring one's family's overall well-being.

The People's Republic of China (PRC) has remained the second largest source for residence approvals in New Zealand since 1997. This large immigration flow also generated significant counterflow toward the homeland. Using data from Statistic New Zealand, this research analyzes the permanent and long-term (PLT) departure and arrival data of New Zealand for five migrant groups from the Asia-Pacific region (Korean, Indian, Chinese from the PRC, Chinese from Taiwan, and Pacific Islanders from Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa) in order to show some distinct features of return migration of the PRC migrants in terms of volume, age, and sex. It is suggested here that both the immigration and the return migration patterns of the PRC migrants are reflective not only of China's recent economic strength but also of New Zealand's positioning in the global migration system. The study of PRC return migration in the New Zealand context contributes to an understanding of the changing power relations between immigrant-sending and immigrant-receiving countries.

AbstractThe association between higher vocational education and rural revitalization is an essential economic and social issue, especially in a country with a large population and a developing education system like China. This study uses panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2020 to explore the association between higher vocational education and rural revitalization. The empirical results show that, at the national level, both the scale and the quality of higher vocational education significantly promote rural revitalization; the effects of higher vocational education on rural revitalization vary by region: in the eastern and central regions, the scale of higher vocational education significantly promotes rural revitalization, while in the western regions, the quality of higher vocational education significantly promotes rural revitalization; the scale of higher vocational education has a positive spatial spillover effect on rural revitalization, while the quality of higher vocational education only has a significant positive effect on the local level of rural revitalization. Furthermore, the effects of higher vocational education on rural revitalization exhibit a threshold effect based on the economic development level and the urban-rural income gap. This study reveals relationships between higher vocational education and rural revitalization, providing references for policymakers and investors.