Suchergebnisse

National audience ; The evolution of institutional and policy frameworks for Ecosystem Services (ES), especially thenew 2016 biodiversity legislation in France, make accounting for ES in land use managementmandatory. This requires the use of spatially explicit information, and therefore thedevelopment of models to map ES. Most models are based on or use Land Use or Land Cover maps(LU/LC) as a proxy. Using a highly accurate spatialized LU/LC database, we applied or adaptedmodels to map 15 ES. We show that depending on the implication of the LU/LC database as inputto the models, the type of model (proxy vs. process based) and the processes modeled, theresulting spatial patterns are more or less dependent on the LU/LC database. The critical analysisof limits and uncertainties in the LU/LC mapping process (in general and for our database inparticular), and the use of these maps for modelling ES showed : 1 - the benefits, especially inagricultural areas, of precise description and monitoring of LU/LC inter-annual dynamics for thequantification of ES supply ; 2- the consequences of LU/LC typological limits for thequantification of ES, especially in our work in forest and semi-natural areas. The use of remotesensing should support a serious typological improvement to better characterize the LU/LC andalso use as independent input data in ES models. ; L'évolution des cadres institutionnels et politiques autour de la question des ServicesEcosystémiques (SE), notamment avec la nouvelle loi Biodiversité en 2016 en France, amène à uneobligation de leur prise en compte dans la gestion territoriale. Cela nécessite l'utilisationd'informations spatialement explicites, et par conséquent le développement de modèlespermettant de cartographier les SE. La plupart des modèles se basent sur ou utilisent commeproxy des cartes d'Occupation ou d'Utilisation des Sols (OS/US). À partir d'une base de donnéesspatialisée extrêmement précise, nous avons appliqué ou adapté des modèles permettant decartographier 15 SE. Les résultats montrent que selon l'implication de la base de données d'OS/US en entrée dans les modèles, le type de modèle choisi (proxy vs. processus) et les processusmodélisés, les patrons spatiaux résultants sont plus ou moins dépendants de la carte d'OS/USd'entrée. L'analyse critique des limites et incertitudes inhérentes à la constitution des cartesd'OS/US (en général et la notre en particulier), ainsi que l'utilisation de ces cartes à des fins demodélisation de SE a montré : 1- les apports notamment dans les milieux agricoles d'unedescription précise des dynamiques interannuelles de l'OS/US pour la quantification de SEd'approvisionnement ; 2- l'implication de limites typologiques d'OS/US pour la quantification deSE, notamment dans notre travail pour les milieux forestiers et semi-naturels. L'usage de latélédétection apparait alors comme une piste sérieuse d'amélioration à la fois typologique pourmieux caractériser l'OS/US et également à utiliser comme donnée d'entrée indépendante dans lesmodèles de SE.

National audience ; The evolution of institutional and policy frameworks for Ecosystem Services (ES), especially thenew 2016 biodiversity legislation in France, make accounting for ES in land use managementmandatory. This requires the use of spatially explicit information, and therefore thedevelopment of models to map ES. Most models are based on or use Land Use or Land Cover maps(LU/LC) as a proxy. Using a highly accurate spatialized LU/LC database, we applied or adaptedmodels to map 15 ES. We show that depending on the implication of the LU/LC database as inputto the models, the type of model (proxy vs. process based) and the processes modeled, theresulting spatial patterns are more or less dependent on the LU/LC database. The critical analysisof limits and uncertainties in the LU/LC mapping process (in general and for our database inparticular), and the use of these maps for modelling ES showed : 1 - the benefits, especially inagricultural areas, of precise description and monitoring of LU/LC inter-annual dynamics for thequantification of ES supply ; 2- the consequences of LU/LC typological limits for thequantification of ES, especially in our work in forest and semi-natural areas. The use of remotesensing should support a serious typological improvement to better characterize the LU/LC andalso use as independent input data in ES models. ; L'évolution des cadres institutionnels et politiques autour de la question des ServicesEcosystémiques (SE), notamment avec la nouvelle loi Biodiversité en 2016 en France, amène à uneobligation de leur prise en compte dans la gestion territoriale. Cela nécessite l'utilisationd'informations spatialement explicites, et par conséquent le développement de modèlespermettant de cartographier les SE. La plupart des modèles se basent sur ou utilisent commeproxy des cartes d'Occupation ou d'Utilisation des Sols (OS/US). À partir d'une base de donnéesspatialisée extrêmement précise, nous avons appliqué ou adapté des modèles permettant decartographier 15 SE. Les résultats montrent que ...

International audience ; Physically and socially heterogeneous mountain landscapes support high biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services. But rapid landscape transformation from fast urbanisation and agricultural intensification around cities to abandonment and depopulation in higher and more remote districts, raises urgent environmental and planning issues. For anticipating their future in a highly uncertain socio-economic context, we engaged stakeholders of a dynamic urban region of the French Alps in an exemplary interactive Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP) for co-creating salient, credible and legitimate scenarios. Stakeholders helped researchers adapt, downscale and spatialize four normative visions from the regional government, co-producing four storylines of trend versus break-away futures. Stakeholder input, combined with planning documents and analyses of recent dynamics, enabled parameterisation of high-resolution models of urban expansion, agriculture and forest dynamics. With similar storylines in spite of stakeholders insisting on different governance arrangements, both trend scenarios met current local and European planning objectives of containing urban expansion and limiting loss and fragmentation of agricultural land. Both break-away scenarios induced considerable conversion from agriculture to forest, but with highly distinctive patterns. Under a commonly investigated, deregulated liberal economic context, encroachment was random and patchy across valleys and mountains. A novel reinforced nature protection scenario affecting primarily mountain and hilly areas fostered deliberate consolidation of forested areas and connectivity. This transdisciplinary approach demonstrated the potential of combining downscaled normative scenarios with local, spatially-precise dynamics informed by stakeholders for local appropriation of top-down visions, and for supporting land planning and subsequent assessment of ecosystem service trade-offs.

International audience ; Physically and socially heterogeneous mountain landscapes support high biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services. But rapid landscape transformation from fast urbanisation and agricultural intensification around cities to abandonment and depopulation in higher and more remote districts, raises urgent environmental and planning issues. For anticipating their future in a highly uncertain socio-economic context, we engaged stakeholders of a dynamic urban region of the French Alps in an exemplary interactive Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP) for co-creating salient, credible and legitimate scenarios. Stakeholders helped researchers adapt, downscale and spatialize four normative visions from the regional government, co-producing four storylines of trend versus break-away futures. Stakeholder input, combined with planning documents and analyses of recent dynamics, enabled parameterisation of high-resolution models of urban expansion, agriculture and forest dynamics. With similar storylines in spite of stakeholders insisting on different governance arrangements, both trend scenarios met current local and European planning objectives of containing urban expansion and limiting loss and fragmentation of agricultural land. Both break-away scenarios induced considerable conversion from agriculture to forest, but with highly distinctive patterns. Under a commonly investigated, deregulated liberal economic context, encroachment was random and patchy across valleys and mountains. A novel reinforced nature protection scenario affecting primarily mountain and hilly areas fostered deliberate consolidation of forested areas and connectivity. This transdisciplinary approach demonstrated the potential of combining downscaled normative scenarios with local, spatially-precise dynamics informed by stakeholders for local appropriation of top-down visions, and for supporting land planning and subsequent assessment of ecosystem service trade-offs.

International audience ; Physically and socially heterogeneous mountain landscapes support high biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services. But rapid landscape transformation from fast urbanisation and agricultural intensification around cities to abandonment and depopulation in higher and more remote districts, raises urgent environmental and planning issues. For anticipating their future in a highly uncertain socio-economic context, we engaged stakeholders of a dynamic urban region of the French Alps in an exemplary interactive Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP) for co-creating salient, credible and legitimate scenarios. Stakeholders helped researchers adapt, downscale and spatialize four normative visions from the regional government, co-producing four storylines of trend versus break-away futures. Stakeholder input, combined with planning documents and analyses of recent dynamics, enabled parameterisation of high-resolution models of urban expansion, agriculture and forest dynamics. With similar storylines in spite of stakeholders insisting on different governance arrangements, both trend scenarios met current local and European planning objectives of containing urban expansion and limiting loss and fragmentation of agricultural land. Both break-away scenarios induced considerable conversion from agriculture to forest, but with highly distinctive patterns. Under a commonly investigated, deregulated liberal economic context, encroachment was random and patchy across valleys and mountains. A novel reinforced nature protection scenario affecting primarily mountain and hilly areas fostered deliberate consolidation of forested areas and connectivity. This transdisciplinary approach demonstrated the potential of combining downscaled normative scenarios with local, spatially-precise dynamics informed by stakeholders for local appropriation of top-down visions, and for supporting land planning and subsequent assessment of ecosystem service trade-offs.

International audience ; Physically and socially heterogeneous mountain landscapes support high biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services. But rapid landscape transformation from fast urbanisation and agricultural intensification around cities to abandonment and depopulation in higher and more remote districts, raises urgent environmental and planning issues. For anticipating their future in a highly uncertain socio-economic context, we engaged stakeholders of a dynamic urban region of the French Alps in an exemplary interactive Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP) for co-creating salient, credible and legitimate scenarios. Stakeholders helped researchers adapt, downscale and spatialize four normative visions from the regional government, co-producing four storylines of trend versus break-away futures. Stakeholder input, combined with planning documents and analyses of recent dynamics, enabled parameterisation of high-resolution models of urban expansion, agriculture and forest dynamics. With similar storylines in spite of stakeholders insisting on different governance arrangements, both trend scenarios met current local and European planning objectives of containing urban expansion and limiting loss and fragmentation of agricultural land. Both break-away scenarios induced considerable conversion from agriculture to forest, but with highly distinctive patterns. Under a commonly investigated, deregulated liberal economic context, encroachment was random and patchy across valleys and mountains. A novel reinforced nature protection scenario affecting primarily mountain and hilly areas fostered deliberate consolidation of forested areas and connectivity. This transdisciplinary approach demonstrated the potential of combining downscaled normative scenarios with local, spatially-precise dynamics informed by stakeholders for local appropriation of top-down visions, and for supporting land planning and subsequent assessment of ecosystem service trade-offs.

International audience ; Physically and socially heterogeneous mountain landscapes support high biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services. But rapid landscape transformation from fast urbanisation and agricultural intensification around cities to abandonment and depopulation in higher and more remote districts, raises urgent environmental and planning issues. For anticipating their future in a highly uncertain socio-economic context, we engaged stakeholders of a dynamic urban region of the French Alps in an exemplary interactive Participatory Scenario Planning (PSP) for co-creating salient, credible and legitimate scenarios. Stakeholders helped researchers adapt, downscale and spatialize four normative visions from the regional government, co-producing four storylines of trend versus break-away futures. Stakeholder input, combined with planning documents and analyses of recent dynamics, enabled parameterisation of high-resolution models of urban expansion, agriculture and forest dynamics. With similar storylines in spite of stakeholders insisting on different governance arrangements, both trend scenarios met current local and European planning objectives of containing urban expansion and limiting loss and fragmentation of agricultural land. Both break-away scenarios induced considerable conversion from agriculture to forest, but with highly distinctive patterns. Under a commonly investigated, deregulated liberal economic context, encroachment was random and patchy across valleys and mountains. A novel reinforced nature protection scenario affecting primarily mountain and hilly areas fostered deliberate consolidation of forested areas and connectivity. This transdisciplinary approach demonstrated the potential of combining downscaled normative scenarios with local, spatially-precise dynamics informed by stakeholders for local appropriation of top-down visions, and for supporting land planning and subsequent assessment of ecosystem service trade-offs.

Transformative adaptation will be increasingly important to effectively address the impacts of climate change and other global drivers on social-ecological systems. Enabling transformative adaptation requires new ways to evaluate and adaptively manage trade-offs between maintaining desirable aspects of current social-ecological systems and adapting to major biophysical changes to those systems. We outline such an approach, based on three elements developed by the Transformative Adaptation Research Alliance (TARA): (1) the benefits of adaptation services; that sub-set of ecosystem services that help people adapt to environmental change; (2) The values-rules-knowledge perspective (vrk) for identifying those aspects of societal decision-making contexts that enable or constrain adaptation and (3) the adaptation pathways approach for implementing adaptation, that builds on and integrates adaptation services and the vrk perspective. Together, these elements provide a future-oriented approach to evaluation and use of ecosystem services, a dynamic, grounded understanding of governance and decision-making and a logical, sequential approach that connects decisions over time. The TARA approach represents a means for achieving changes in institutions and governance needed to support transformative adaptation.