Suchergebnisse

Cheating occasionally occurs in organizations; sometimes, it is not easy to detect. Some organizations, such as schools and companies, may include an assessment of individuals' moral character as part of their assessments. Some people believe that when a person is evaluated as moral, he or she will continue to behave ethically. Conversely, when a person is rated below his or her level, he or she will strive to perform better. This article aims to investigate a person's private response to being assessed by their peers for their moral character. We conducted two experimental studies. Study 1 consisted of two groups. Participants in the high-score group received higher ratings from their peers than themselves, while participants in the low-score group received worse ratings than their own. In the following dice-under-cup game, participants in the high-score group were more likely to cheat than those in the low-score group. Study 2 showed that both groups reported varying satisfaction, happiness, and disappointment. In addition, those in the high-score group were more likely to increase their honesty ratings, while those in the low group did not. Our results suggest that assessments of an individual's moral character may not have desirable outcomes as some people believe.

As at March of 2014, there are over 168 public housing estates and 766,300 public rental housing flats under the Hong Kong Housing Authority portfolio, it accommodating a total of more than two million people. The estate management and maintenance services are important for government to maintain social cohesion. Housing Department started to outsource property management of public rental housing to property services agents on 1 October 2000 by tender out. After 13 years run for the program, there are about 100 estates (60%) of public rental housing managed by property services agents. Recently, there is criticized that Housing Department outsource too many estates, it should be in-source the management back to itself. It is a chance to review the cost effectiveness and efficiency of outsourcing. This paper is trying to analyze and evaluate the outsourcing of property management of public rental housing in Hong Kong. A comparison on the services performance of public rental housing estates' tenants by the property services agents and Housing Department. Also secondary data will be used to evaluate the cost effectiveness by outsource the estate management and maintenance services. The objective is achieved by using tenant's survey. Result from this analysis show that the performance of property services agent provide a better services than Housing Department. It is no doubt that the performance of them is satisfactory and they are more cost effective. However, it does not imply that their services are far better than Housing Department, especially in repair and maintenance aspects. Recommendations are then made to help to review the problems of outsourcing and how to solve it. It is hope the finding can give the direction to Housing Department to use which management mode in new developed estate. ; published_or_final_version ; Housing Management ; Master ; Master of Housing Management

This volume presents how high performing education systems over the world are constantly innovating their educational policies to nurture their citizens for the challenges of the future economy and the anticipation of the unknown. This volume includes a state-of-the-art review of the literature in this field, several commissioned focal chapters focusing on the distinctive case of Singapore and internationally commissioned chapters of several other accomplished education systems around the world. A comparative study of Singapore against other high performing education systems is included to provide greater insights to the possible applications to other education systems

We construct an agent-based model to study the interplay between extreme price shocks and illiquidity in the presence of systematic traders known as trend followers. The agent-based approach is particularly attractive in modeling commodity markets because the approach allows for the explicit modeling of production, capacities, and storage constraints. Our study begins by using the price stream from a market simulation involving human participants and studies the behavior of various trend-following strategies, assuming initially that their participation will not impact the market. We notice an incremental deterioration in strategy performance as and when strategies deviate further and further from the theoretical strategy of lookback straddles (Fung and Hsieh 2001), due to the negative impacts of transaction cost and imperfect execution. Next, the trend followers are allowed to participate in the market, trading against "uninformed" computer traders making randomized bids and offers. We notice that market prices begin to break down as the percentage of trend followers in the market reaches 80%. In addition, in a market dominated by "smart traders", it becomes increasingly difficult for any of them to generate profits using what is supposed to be a "long gamma" strategy. After all, trading is a zero-sum game: It is not feasible for any "long gamma" trader to generate a consistent profit unless someone else is willing to be on the other side of his/her trades. In any such market dominated by "smart traders" with low liquidity and extreme price instability, one proposed solution (as proposed earlier by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission) is to control position size limits, by either decreasing them (in the original proposal) or increasing them (for completeness in our analysis). Based on our simulation results, we have found no evidence supporting that such a solution will be effective; in fact, doing so will only lead to erratic price behavior as well as a variety of practical issues when imposing such changes to position size limits. An alternative proposal is to intervene in the market direct/indirectly, such as by using a market maker to inject/reduce liquidity. Our simulation results show evidence that injecting and reducing liquidity by the market maker can both be effective. However, a market maker can accumulate a large negative P&L by buying in a one-sided, falling market in which it is the only bidder, or vice versa. Therefore, in practice, no market maker may volunteer to participate in any such "market rescue" efforts unless governments are willing to underwrite some of its large potential losses. In short, direct/indirect intervention by controlling liquidity is not a panacea, and there are practical limits to its effectiveness.

This book promotes scientific discussion on standards and practices of regional development, while also covering emerging research topics in regional innovation systems and sustained development. - Provided by publisher

Researchers have recognized that interpersonal trust consists of different dimensions. These dimensions suggest that trust can be rational, cognitive, or affective. Affect, which includes moods and emotions, is likely to have a direct impact on the affective dimension. On the other hand, there are also studies showing that affect indirectly influence cognitive judgments. Nonetheless, in this chapter we argue that the impact of affect on judgment will not be the same on all individuals. In effect, the impact varies, depending on the individual's attention to affect, motivation to use or guard against affect, or regulation of affect. All this may suggest that an individual's abilities or tendencies to manage affect will have implication on his or her trust relationships with others.

Guangdong province with its Special Economic Zones ( Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou) has benefited for more than a decade from preferential treatment in economic management by the central government. As a result of its rapid pace of economic reform, among other factors, Guangdong now leads the nation with the highest provincial economic growth rate. In this book, the authors offer a picture of the political, economic, cultural, and environmental aspects of Guangdong that have contributed to its unique course of development. (DÜi-Alb)

Background: Two separate but complementary epidemiologic surveillance methods for human stampedes have emerged since the publication of the topic in 2009. The objective of this study is to estimate the degree of underreporting in India. Method: The Ngai Search Method was compared to the Roy Search Method for human stampede events occurring in India between 2001 and 2010. Results: A total of 40 stampedes were identified by both search methods. Using the Ngai method, 34 human stampedes were identified. Using a previously defined stampede scale: 2 events were class I, 21 events were class II, 8 events were class III, and 3 events were class IV. The median deaths were 5.5 per event and median injuries were 13.5 per event. Using the Roy method, 27 events were identified, including 9 events that were not identified by the Ngai method. After excluding events based on exclusion criteria, six additional events identified by the Roy's method had a median of 4 deaths and 30 injuries. In multivariate analysis using the Ngai method, religious (6.52, 95%CI 1.73-24.66, p=0.006) and political (277.09, 95%CI 5.12-15,001.96, p=0.006) events had higher relative number of deaths. Conclusion: Many causes accounting for the global increase in human stampede events can only be elucidated through systematic epidemiological investigation. Focusing on a country with a high recurrence of human stampedes, we compare two independent methods of data abstraction in an effort to improve the existing database and to identify pertinent risk factors. We concluded that our previous publication underestimated stampede events in India by approximately 18% and an international standardized database to systematically record occurrence of human stampedes is needed to facilitate understanding of the epidemiology of human stampedes.