Suchergebnisse

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Adolescent alcohol binge-induced hospital admissions (BIHAs) are an increasing problem in Europe. We investigated whether psychosocial factors (e.g., drinking situations, drinking occasions and neighborhood unemployment) are associated with particularly risky patterns of alcohol or substance use. <b><i>Method:</i></b> We performed a systematic retrospective chart review of all the respective cases in 2003-2008 (n = 586; age range: 12-17 years) from both pediatric hospitals in the city of Dresden, Germany. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The vast majority of adolescent BIHAs were associated with drinking together with peers at weekend parties. Compared to this 'typical' drinking pattern, adolescents drinking 'atypically' (i.e., drinking either alone, to cope or despite the fact that the next day was a school/work day) more often had already used alcohol and illegal substances before and were more often diagnosed with substance use disorders and other mental disorders prior to BIHA. The unemployment rate in the patients' neighborhood was positively related to the incidence proportion of adolescent BIHAs in the respective subdistricts (r_s = 0.61). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Adolescent atypical drinking may indicate an increased risk for the development of alcohol and substance use disorders. This information is quickly accessible and can alert clinicians to initiate psychosocial aftercare; their infrastructure should address the strong relation between BIHA probability and neighborhood unemployment rates.

11 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00900-6 ; Bacteriophages (phages) are ubiquitous elements in nature, but their ecology and role in animals remains little understood. Sponges represent the oldest known extant animal-microbe symbiosis and are associated with dense and diverse microbial consortia. Here we investigate the tripartite interaction between phages, bacterial symbionts, and the sponge host. We combined imaging and bioinformatics to tackle important questions on who the phage hosts are and what the replication mode and spatial distribution within the animal is. This approach led to the discovery of distinct phage-microbe infection networks in sponge versus seawater microbiomes. A new correlative in situ imaging approach ('PhageFISH-CLEM') localised phages within bacterial symbiont cells, but also within phagocytotically active sponge cells. We postulate that the phagocytosis of free virions by sponge cells modulates phage-bacteria ratios and ultimately controls infection dynamics. Prediction of phage replication strategies indicated a distinct pattern, where lysogeny dominates the sponge microbiome, likely fostered by sponge host-mediated virion clearance, while lysis dominates in seawater. Collectively, this work provides new insights into phage ecology within sponges, highlighting the importance of tripartite animal-phage-bacterium interplay in holobiont functioning. We anticipate that our imaging approach will be instrumental to further understanding of viral distribution and cellular association in animal hosts ; We acknowledge funding by the DFG CRC1182 to UH (TPC4.3), TL (TPC4.2). MTJ was supported by a grant of the German Excellence Initiative to the Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Wuerzburg, and a Young Investigator Award of the CRC1182. SMM was supported by the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes (German Academic Scholarship Foundation). CS was supported by the grants DFG STI700/1-1 and GRK2581 (P6). MR was supported by the Spanish Government grant (RTI2018-094187-B100) and 'Generalitat de Catalunya' research group grant (2017SGR1011). BED was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Vidi grant 864.14.004 and by the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator grant 865694: DiversiPHI. /./ Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEA ; With the funding support of the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI) ; Peer reviewed

30 Jahre nach dem Fall der Mauer widmet sich der Kunstpalast mit einer grossen Ausstellung der Kunst aus der DDR. Mehr als 130 Gemälde und Arbeiten auf Papier von 13 Künstlerinnen und Künstlern verdeutlichen eine spannungsreiche, oft widersprüchliche Kunstepoche. Alle Künstlerinnen und Künstler gingen und gehen sehr unterschiedliche, immer aber eigenständige Wege - zwischen Rebellion und Anpassung, zwischen Utopie und Untergang. Die Ausstellung präsentiert Werke von Bernhard Heisig, Wolfgang Mattheuer, Werner Tübke, Willi Sitte, Elisabeth Voigt, Wilhelm Lachnit, Carlfriedrich Claus, Gerhard Altenbourg, A.R. Penck, Cornelia Schleime, Angela Hampel, Michael Morgner und Hermann Glöckner. (Verlagstext)