Suchergebnisse

Résumé Après une présentation de l'historiographie et de la représentation du patronat en Belgique de 1880 à 1960, cet article remet en cause certains clichés persistants dans la littérature et les media en soulignant la diversité du monde patronal et le mythe du self-made man. Afin de dépasser une étude purement économique du chef d'entreprise, les aspects sociaux, culturels et politiques de la personnalité des patrons font ressortir la richesse d'une approche globale du milieu patronal.

The article studies the state, issues, and patterns of criminological planning at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation. The study primarily aims to detect shortcomings in the mechanism of financial support for regional criminological programming. The analysis conducted helps determine a mainly internal source-based distributive principle of complex regional programs financing. At the same time, the resources of private investors are practically not involved in the implementation of regional criminological planning documents, resulting in missed opportunities for public and private partnership. The study has determined a number of important measures effective in attracting private investments to the process of criminological programming in the subject of the Russian Federation and at the municipal level, and to the increase in the level of coordination between the law enforcement agencies and the state authorities of the subjects.

The article deals with the phenomenon of potato riots in the Trans-Urals region in the 1840s. Peasant unrest that engulfed the regions inhabited by state peasants cannot be understood simply as a manifestation of anti-feudal protests. Among the reasons for the revolts, rumors, discontent with local authorities, and irrational fears can also be named. The authors propose to consider these events from the point of view of the thinking of the Russian peasantry, in connection with the peculiarities of traditional culture. This approach gives a better understanding of the genesis of events, the suddenness of riots, and inexplicable cruelty in relation to fellow villagers and the clergy from a rational standpoint. Using specific examples, the authors analyze the role of rumors in the emergence of riots, the inability of the bureaucracy to understand the peculiarities of the consciousness of Siberian peasants, and the reasons for the peasants' hatred towards the rural authorities. Besides, attention is paid to the role of the rural clergy in the events. Based on a complex of historical sources, the authors try not only to reconstruct the course of events, but also to reveal the same and repeating lines of performances which occurred at different times and in different places. The riots of 1842 and 1843 took place at the same time (early spring), the rebels demanded that the authorities and the clergy show them documents on "selling them under a master", and the refusal to demonstrate non-existent papers entailed torture and murder of clerks, country administration, and priests. Revolts were cruelly suppressed. The authors conclude that the main role in the emergence of potato riots was played by the peculiarities of the traditional type of thinking of the peasants and by the complex system of relations and contradictions in the Trans-Ural region. The unrest showed the reluctance and inability of the Russian bureaucracy to explain the essence and purpose of the innovations to the peasants.