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The article is devoted to the image of childhood as one of the most complex aesthetic elements in Charlotte Brontë's novel Jane Eyre. The paper argues that there are two primarily important characteristics of the image in the novel: polyphony – that is, the presence of different points of view on the child and the adult – and thirst for happiness. Special attention is paid to the polyphony of voices describing the heroinenarrator. The paper also focuses on the role of the motifs of orphanhood, rejection and loneliness, on the one hand, and of search for happiness, on the other, in developing the image of childhood. The authors argue that the heroine-narrator not only overcomes ordeals but also accomplishes a multi-stage way of growing up – from vague impressions and sensations to a clear awareness, the development of principles and understanding of the structure of the world; from complete alienation from the world to the ability to empathize and open her heart to another; from creative inclinations and instinctiveness to enterprise, spiritual development, upholding her 'naturalness' and her own way. The paper researches Brontë's technique of accuracy in details as applied to depict the development of the heroine-narrator's spiritual world and her outer image and type of behavior. At the same time, it focuses on two versions (synchronic and in retrospect) of depicting Jane's vision of her own behavior and character. There are also analyzed the ways of comparing and contrasting different child images in the novel: the one based on certain religious-didactic signals (Jane vs. Mrs. Reed's children) and the one based on the religious system of values (Jane and Helen). The paper particularly emphasizes the role of natural tenacity (and naturalness in general) and the Protestant at its core model of responsible and natural behavior based on the feeling of love in leading the heroine-narrator to matrimonial happiness.

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had many deep social and economic impacts that go beyond health issues. One consequence is that the pandemic has made it even harder to mobilize the financial resources needed to pursue SDG 13 (Climate Action) as a whole and to fund climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in particular. This is especially acute in respect of the efforts to achieve the targets set by the Paris Agreement and by the recent decisions in Glasgow. This paper looks at how the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated poverty and undermined climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts, as a result of the switches in priorities and funding. Using a review of the recent literature, an analysis of international trends, and a survey among climate scientists, it identifies some of the impacts of the pandemic on climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts and discusses their implications. The findings indicate a decrease in funding to climate change research since the pandemic crisis. The bibliometric analysis reveals that a greater emphasis has been placed on the relationship between COVID-19 and poverty when compared to the interrelations between COVID-19 and climate change. Addressing climate change is as urgent now as it was before the pandemic crisis started, and efforts need to be made to upkeep the levels of funding needed to support research in this field.

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government, Grant COV/ABN/20/01 (Elasmogen, Ltd.), a 2018 Prostate Cancer Foundation Challenge Award (AML), a 2013 Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award (AML), NCI R01s CA237272, CA233562, and CA245922 (AML). WEM was supported by the NIH T32 HL007741 and JMT by the NIH T32 AI055433. JSM was funded by NIGMS R01 GM088790. HA was funded by NIGMS R35 GM118047 and NCI P01 CA234228. X-ray diffraction data were collected at the Northeastern Collaborative Access Team beamlines, which are funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIGMS P30 GM124165). The Pilatus 6M detector on 24-ID-C beamline is funded by a NIH-ORIP HEI grant (S10 RR029205). We thank the Marco Pravetoni lab for providing training and access to the OctetRED96e for BLI experiments. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF