Suchergebnisse

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Research indicates that rates of gambling problems are increasing in the UK, but has provided limited consideration of possible implications for individuals, families and communities. This study examines the associations involving problem gambling and indicators of mental and physical health, as well as psychosocial adjustment and health care usage, in a representative sample from England. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data were derived from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, which is a representative study of adults (n = 7,403). Regression models evaluated the correlates of problem gambling. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There were associations with problem gambling and mental health (anxiety, neurotic symptoms and substance use problems) and psychosocial maladjustment (suicidality, financial difficulties and social support). There were limited influences on physical health that were beyond socioeconomic factors and substance use problems. Notwithstanding, the results demonstrated over-representation of gambling problems in certain health-care settings. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Findings support recognition of problem gambling as a public health concern in the UK, and initiatives for intervening in health-care services where conditions are over-represented.

SUMMARYRome was an exceedingly large city at the start of the Roman Empire, and it required massive grain imports to feed its population. We argue that Roman merchants organized these imports and that they used a variety of mechanisms to deal with the informational problems of long‐distance trade at that time. They used general institutions of Rome, such as its legal and social structures, as well as specific mercantile institutions, such as contracts, companies, and invoices. They exploited information in the Roman social structure as well as in the facilities for trade. This combination of social and economic institutions enabled Roman merchants to operate on as large a scale as any other pre‐industrial merchant group.

This paper examines the effectiveness of a cooperative police‐citizen effort to eradicate open‐air drug markets in the Druid Hills neighborhood of Birmingham, Alabama. Using calls‐for‐service data, the study found that calls increased during initial efforts to organize citizen cooperation. As efforts to implement police activities in the area began, calls decreased; the types of calls changed as well. The results indicate the program was effective in reducing problems associated with the open‐air drug market in this neighborhood and illustrate the usefulness of calls for service as a way to monitor the value of a program's efforts.

This research examined the impact of community-policing programs on calls for service, Part 1 crime, total crime, and narcotics cases infour Houston neighborhoods. The methodology used time-senes analysis and examined lagged and dynamic effects. The analysis produced mixed results, indicating that the community-policing programs had no significant impact on neighborhood crime. Police departments need to continue rigorous assessment of their efforts to accumulate knowledge about which community-policing practices are effective and which ones are not.

In einer von multipolaren Herausforderungen geprägten Gesellschaft, stehen Jugendliche immer öfter vor der Herausforderung, mannigfaltige und durchaus komplexe Entscheidungen bereits weit vor dem Vollenden ihres 18. Lebensjahres treffen zu müssen. Diese Entscheidungen betreffen unter anderem auch die Bereiche der politischen Meinungsbildung und der aktiven Partizipation an politischen Prozessen. Das Senken des Wahlalters auf 16 Jahre stellt dabei, nach Meinung der Autorin und des Autors, nur einen kleinen Puzzleteil, eines oft im Verborgenen bleibenden Prozesses der persönlichen Orientierung und Entscheidungsfindung von jungen Frauen und Männer dar. Der Hauptfokus dieser wissenschaftliche Arbeit, welche völlig bewusst den Titel "Ohne politische Bildung weiß man ja gar nichts" trägt, richtet sich gerade aus den eben angesprochenen Gründen, auf die Einflussfaktoren der politischen Meinungsbildung von Jugendlichen und soll diese näher beleuchten. Als Basis der Generierung von Erkenntnissen, dient ein Projekt an einer höher bildenden Schule in Kärnten, welches im Rahmen dieser Dissertation initiiert und durchgeführt wurde. Mithilfe von qualitativen Interviews, die mit mehr als 60 Schülerinnen und Schülern im Rahmen eines Projekts durchgeführt wurden, konnten insgesamt 16 Hauptbereiche eines Themenclusters identifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus wurden aus den transkribierten Interviews Widersprüche abgeleitet, die in der Dissertation wiederum mit Hintergrundtheorien unterlegt werden. Als wissenschaftliches Fundament dient das Modell und die theoretischen Grundlagen der Interventionsforschung, welche inter- und transdisziplinär angelegt sind. Das theoretische Fundament der Dissertation wird durch vier Säulen gebildet. Diese erstrecken sich über die Themenbereiche Politische Bildung an Schulen, Wählen mit 16, Online-Wahlhilfen und Meinungsforschung bzw. statistische Verfahren der Datenerhebung. ; In a society dominated by multipolar challenges young people are increasingly faced by the defiance of multiple and complex ...

Distress and depression often go unrecognised in people with diabetes. In this article, I present an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of the lived experience of people with Type 2 diabetes, based on individual in-depth interviews with 10 patients. The purpose of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of these psychological symptoms through a detailed examination of how patients interpret and respond to their experience of the condition. I propose a revised model for the connection between the disease of diabetes and patients' lived experiences of illness, as one of embodied coexistence rather than relation. Through my analysis, I identify the psychological processes that might need to be addressed in an effective preventative support system.

This article uses ARIMA and tobit analysis to examine the extent to which restrictive policies and intensified monitoring of "hot" pursuits by law enforcement officers induce these officers to ignore requirements that the initiation of such chases be communicated to their superiors and that complete reports be filed concerning their outcomes. Using a sample of data covering 111 weeks of activity, the authors calculated the impact of three increasingly restrictive policies on the ratio of accidents to reported pursuits. Their findings indicate that more restrictive policies do not increase noncompliance with reporting requirements.

This article uses ARIMA and Tobit analysis to examine the impact on officer behavior of changes in a policy governing "hot" pursuits of fleeing suspects. Using a 2-year time series, aggregated by week, we calculated the impact on pursuit behavior of two changes in pursuit policy: a requirement that reports be submitted regarding each pursuit and a stipulation that pursuits could be conducted only under specified conditions. Each policy change produced significant reductions in the number of pursuits engaged in by officers in the department under study.