On the Measurement of Product Variety in Trade
In: American economic review, Band 94, Heft 2, S. 145-149
ISSN: 1944-7981
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In: American economic review, Band 94, Heft 2, S. 145-149
ISSN: 1944-7981
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Working paper
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In: Transnational Corporations Journal, Band 27, Heft 3
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In: CESifo Working Paper No. 8538
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Working paper
The issue of measuring product variety has received relatively little attention due to its inherent difficulty. In the language of index numbers, an expansion in the range of inputs or outputs is a 'new goods' problem: a good that is newly available will have an observed price and quantity, but no corresponding price or quantity the year before. The availability of this new good will yield a welfare gain to consumers, as well as a productivity gain to firms buying the new input. In this paper we show how product variety can be measured in the case of a CES aggregator function. This paper is organized as: after reviewing the literature on the 'new goods' problem in section two, then discuss how to measure export variety in section three. In sections four and five discuss the empirical applications to export variety growth in Mexico and China. Regression results relating trade liberalization to industry export variety are presented in section six, and conclusions are given in section seven.
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In: Managing Openness, S. 63-83
In: MANAGING OPENNESS: TRADE AND OUTWARD-ORIENTED GROWTH AFTER THE CRISIS, pp. 63-83, Mona Haddad, Ben Shepherd, eds., The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2011
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In: Journal of development economics, Band 77, Heft 1, S. 125-152
ISSN: 0304-3878
The past decades witnessed big changes in international trade with the rise of global value chains. Some countries, such as China, Poland, and Vietnam, rode the tide, while other countries, many in the Africa region, faltered. This paper studies the determinants of participation in global value chains, based on empirical evidence from a panel data set covering more than 100 countries over the past three decades. The evidence shows that factor endowments, geography, political stability, liberal trade policies, foreign direct investment inflows, and domestic industrial capacity are very important in determining participation in global value chains. These factors affect participation in global value chains more than traditional exports.
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This paper quantifies trade policy changes and the associated trade impacts for about 100 countries between 2008 and 2009. Results show that there has been no widespread increase in protectionism. Only a few countries, including Russia, Argentina, Turkey, and China, have increased tariffs on major imported products. The United States and the EU, by contrast, rely mainly on antidumping duties to shield domestic industries. Overall, while the rise in tariffs and antidumping duties may have jointly caused global trade to drop by US$43 billion, it explains less than 2% of the collapse in world trade during the crisis period.
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In: Journal of international economics, Band 87, Heft 2, S. 247-261
ISSN: 0022-1996
In: Journal of development economics, Band 82, Heft 1, S. 79-94
ISSN: 0304-3878
In: Journal of development economics, Band 82, Heft 1, S. 79-94
ISSN: 0304-3878
World Affairs Online
In: NBER Working Paper No. w12725
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