Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the study is to ascertain the degree to which the electoral system of Japan confers an advantage on the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). It also explores the related question of whether or not the LDP makes a deliberate use of the electoral system to secure or maximize its electoral advantage. (DÜI-Sen)

Research on representation as congruence has reached a point of diminishing learning. Three criticisms of congruence or mandatory politics are reviewed. Representation as parallel-processing in problem-solving is introduced, defined, and illustrated by the work of the Senate Agriculture Committee. In addition to a review of the interaction between Senators and witnesses in two committee hearings, the paper examines one decision in detail. The weaknesses of the congruence conception of representation are strong points of representation as parallel-processing in representation.

Based on data collected in Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Kenya, South Korea, and Turkey, 1973-76. Assesses the homogeneity in social backgrounds and careers, common experience in recruitment, and value consensus of political leaders at the national level.

This study, based on the two-wave questionnaire data collected from legislative candidates in Iowa, attempts to test the "congratulation-rationalization effect," a highly provocative hypothesis that John Kingdon formulated regarding politicians' beliefs about voters. The hypothesis asserts that winning candidates tend to develop complimentary beliefs about voters while losing candidates tend to develop beliefs deprecating to voters. The results of analysis indicate, however, no significant difference between winners and losers in terms of the direction and magnitude of changes in their beliefs about voters, suggesting that the hypothesis is invalid. When the hypothesis is reformulated in terms of "dissonance states" rather than "election outcomes," the evidence is strongly supportive. Among winners, those who perceive a high degree of dissonance more than those who perceive little dissonance tend to change their beliefs about voters in a favorable direction. Conversely, among losers, those who perceive a high degree of dissonance more than those who perceive little dissonance tend to change their beliefs in an unfavorable direction. Therefore, the "congratulation-rationalization" hypothesis can be sustained only if cast in direct dissonance terms.