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Abstract.As a recent instance of transnational cooperation and governance, encompassing a novel combination of international and supranational legal properties, the International Criminal Court provides an instructive forum for considering increasinglycomplex sovereignty. This paper considers why Canada and the United States have pursued such divergent policies toward the Court. I argue that these postures are informed by their subjective conceptions of state sovereignty, a reflection of varying interests, values and capacities. As such, this case study illuminates factors that may influence patterns and limitations of transnational cooperation by states.Résumé.Comme exemple récent de coopération et de gouvernance transnationales, englobant une combinaison innovatrice de caractéristiques juridiques internationales et supranationales, la Cour pénale internationale constitue un forum instructif pour l'étude de lacomplexité croissante de la souveraineté. Cet article examine pourquoi le Canada et les États-Unis ont adopté des politiques aussi divergentes à l'égard de la Cour. J'avance que leurs positions sont fondées sur leurs notions subjectives de la souveraineté des États et qu'elles reflètent les divergences de leurs intérêts, de leurs valeurs et de leurs capacités. En définitive, cette étude de cas met en lumière les facteurs susceptibles d'influencer les modèles et les limites de la coopération transnationale entre les États.

We use social learning, self-control, and social disorganization theories to explain substance use among urban adolescents. Using a sample of 2,048 adolescents and young adults from the Project in Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, we develop and test longitudinal growth models that examine how respondent and neighborhood characteristics relate to rates and changes of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and hard drug use. We find empirical support for social learning and self-control theories in relation to substance use rates, but no support for social disorganization theory. In addition, we find evidence that deviant peers, self-control, and concentrated disadvantage are associated with respondent changes in substance use. We discuss these findings in relation to the three theories that informed our study.

In 2011, the European Commission published a Framework for National 'Roma' Integration Strategies (NRIS) and this was adopted by all of the European Union Members. Consequently, all Member States were required to develop their own 'Roma' Integration Strategies tailored to the needs of the 'Roma' population in their country. This report reviews progress on the Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies from the perspectives of the Gypsies, Travellers and Roma communities living in the UK.

Frontmatter --Reviews --PREFACE --TABLE OF CONTENTS --1. Why Deep Carbon? /Hazen, Robert M. / Schiffries, Craig M. --2. Carbon Mineralogy and Crystal Chemistry /Hazen, Robert M. / Downs, Robert T. / Jones, Adrian P. / Kah, Linda --3. Structure, Bonding, and Mineralogy of Carbon at Extreme Conditions /Oganov, Artem R. / Hemley, Russell J. / Hazen, Robert M. / Jones, Adrian P. --4. Carbon Mineral Evolution /Hazen, Robert M. / Downs, Robert T. / Kah, Linda / Sverjensky, Dimitri --5. The Chemistry of Carbon in Aqueous Fluids at Crustal and Upper-Mantle Conditions: Experimental and Theoretical Constraints /Manning, Craig E. / Shock, Everett L. / Sverjensky, Dimitri A. --6. Primordial Origins of Earth's Carbon /Marty, Bernard / Alexander, ConelM. O'D. / Raymond, Sean N. --7. Ingassing, Storage, and Outgassing of Terrestrial Carbon through Geologic Time /Dasgupta, Rajdeep --8. Carbon in the Core: Its Influence on the Properties of Core and Mantle /Wood, Bernard J. / Li, Jie / Shahar, Anat --9. Carbon in Silicate Melts /Ni, Huaiwei / Keppler, Hans --10. Carbonate Melts and Carbonatites /Jones, Adrian P. / Genge, Matthew / Carmody, Laura --11. Deep Carbon Emissions from Volcanoes /Burton, Michael R. / Sawyer, Georgina M. / Granieri, Domenico --12. Diamonds and the Geology of Mantle Carbon /Shirey, Steven B. / Cartigny, Pierre / Frost, Daniel J. / Keshav, Shantanu / Nestola, Fabrizio / Nimis, Paolo / Pearson, D. Graham / Sobolev, Nikolai V. / Walter, Michael J. --13. Nanoprobes for Deep Carbon /Mao, Wendy L. / Boulard, Eglantine --14. On the Origins of Deep Hydrocarbons /Sephton, Mark A. / Hazen, Robert M. --15. Laboratory Simulations of Abiotic Hydrocarbon Formation in Earth's Deep Subsurface /McCollom, Thomas M. --16. Hydrocarbon Behavior at Nanoscale Interfaces /Cole, David R. / Ok, Salim / Striolo, Alberto / Phan, Anh --17. Nature and Extent of the Deep Biosphere /Colwell, Frederick S. / D'Hondt, Steven --18. Serpentinization, Carbon, and Deep Life /Schrenk, Matthew O. / Brazelton, William J. / Lang, Susan Q. --19. High-Pressure Biochemistry and Biophysics /Meersman, Filip / Daniel, Isabelle / Bartlett, Douglas H. / Winter, Roland / Hazael, Rachael / McMillan, Paul F. --20. The Deep Viriosphere: Assessing the Viral Impact on Microbial Community Dynamics in the Deep Subsurface /Anderson, Rika E. / Brazelton, William J. / Baross, John A. --INDEX