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The special issue contributes to the exploration of transversal solidarities counterpoised to an exhausted neoliberalism on the one hand and a xenophobic populism on the other. It tracks contours of a multifarious countermovement, traversing 'race', class and gender, driven by reimaginings of the common and the renewal of democracy. The emphasis is on the understanding of contending urban justice movements, welcoming communities and their liaisons in a multiscale (local, national, transnational) perspective. A collection of theoretically informed papers discusses cases from urban contexts of Europe and the United States, all riveted by schisms of class, 'race'/ethnicity and gender, occupied by the 'migration' issue and challenged by contending movements for social cum environmental sustainability. Exploring examples of social movements and forms of mobilisation in different contexts, the overarching aim is to retrieve options for transversal solidarities transcending identities while focusing on commonalities.

This article develops a conceptualisation of transversal solidarity in relation to migration and migrants. It reflects different ways of practicing, organising and articulating solidarity. We proceed through a conceptualisation of solidarity in terms of 'transversal solidarity' relating to three dimensions involved in solidarity practices from below and discuss how to bridge their respective dichotomies: identity and the related in-group and out-group dichotomy; space, in terms of the separation of the local from the national and international; organisation, related to the incompatibility of the social and the institutional. We link this conceptualisation to a typology of solidarity working on three different scales (autonomous solidarity, civic solidarity and institutional solidarity), which reflects these dynamics of solidarity as well as the degree of institutionalisation. We use different examples to illustrate various types of transversal solidarity.

In this chapter, we analyze a contemporary Danish civil society organization (CSO) using the Alan Sears concept infrastructures of dissent. We analyze the Danish CSO Venligboerne, which has gained widespread recognition for its activities and initiatives. The CSO has created a space for itself in the contemporary social landscape as an interlocutor amidst the broad spectrum of organizations that constitute the refugee solidarity movements (Toubøl, Differential recruitment to and outcomes of solidarity activism: ethics, values and group style in the Danish refugee solidarity movement. PhD thesis University of Copenhagen, 2017). We investigate how collective learning, capacities for solidarity, alliance-building and an everyday politics of hope have emerged in the Danish refugee solidarity movement.

The special issue contributes to the exploration of transversal solidarities counterpoised to an exhausted neoliberalism on the one hand and a xenophobic populism on the other. It tracks contours of a multifarious countermovement, traversing 'race', class and gender, driven by reimaginings of the common and the renewal of democracy. The emphasis is on the understanding of contending urban justice movements, welcoming communities and their liaisons in a multiscale (local, national, transnational) perspective. A collection of theoretically informed papers discusses cases from urban contexts of Europe and the United States, all riveted by schisms of class, 'race'/ ethnicity and gender, occupied by the 'migration' issue and challenged by contending movements for social cum environmental sustainability. Exploring examples of social movements and forms of mobilisation in different contexts, the overarching aim is to retrieve options for transversal solidarities transcending identities while focusing on commonalities.

The so-called 'refugee crisis' provoked a wave of solidarity movements across Europe. These movements contrasted with attitudes of rejection against refugees from almost all EU member states and a lack of coordinated and satisfactory response from the EU as an institution. The growth of the solidarity movement entails backlash of nationalized identities, while the resistance of the member states to accept refugees represents the failure of the cosmopolitan view attached to the EU. In the article, we argue that the European solidarity movement shapes a new kind of cosmopolitanism: cosmopolitanism from below, which fosters an inclusionary universalism, which is both critical and conflictual. The urban scale thus becomes the place to locally articulate inclusive communities where solidarity bonds and coexistence prevail before national borders and cosmopolitan imaginaries about welcoming, human rights, and the universal political community are enhanced. We use the case of Barcelona to provide a concrete example of intersections between civil society and a municipal government. We relate this discussion to ongoing debates about 'sanctuary cities' and solidarity cities and discuss how urban solidarities can have a transformative role at the city level. Furthermore, we discuss how practices on the scale of the city are up-scaled and used to forge trans-local solidarities and city networks.

The so-called 'refugee crisis' provoked a wave of solidarity movements across Europe. These movements contrasted with attitudes of rejection against refugees from almost all EU member states and a lack of coordinated and satisfactory response from the EU as an institution. The growth of the solidarity movement entails backlash of nationalized identities, while the resistance of the member states to accept refugees represents the failure of the cosmopolitan view attached to the EU. In the article, we argue that the European solidarity movement shapes a new kind of cosmopolitanism: cosmopolitanism from below, which fosters an inclusionary universalism, which is both critical and conflictual. The urban scale thus becomes the place to locally articulate inclusive communities where solidarity bonds and coexistence prevail before national borders and cosmopolitan imaginaries about welcoming, human rights, and the universal political community are enhanced. We use the case of Barcelona to provide a concrete example of intersections between civil society and a municipal government. We relate this discussion to ongoing debates about 'sanctuary cities' and solidarity cities and discuss how urban solidarities can have a transformative role at the city level. Furthermore, we discuss how practices on the scale of the city are up-scaled and used to forge trans-local solidarities and city networks.

La denominada «crisis de refugiados» provocó una ola de movimientos solidarios a lo largo de Europa que contrastaron con las actitudes de rechazo en contra de los refugiados por parte de casi todos los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea (ue), aunado a la falta de respuestas coordinadas y satisfactorias de la propia ue como institución. Mientras la primera postura desencadenó reacciones violentas de identidades nacionalizadas, la segunda representó el fracaso de una visión cosmopolita ligada a la ue. Argumentamos que el movimiento europeo de solidaridad moldea una nueva forma de cosmopolitismo: uno desde abajo que promueve un universalismo de inclusión tanto crítico como conflictual. Los espacios urbanos, por ende, se convierten en un lugar para articular localmente comunidades inclusivas, donde prevalecen y se mejoran los lazos de solidaridad y coexistencia ante las fronteras nacionales y los imaginarios cosmopolitas relativos a la acogida, los derechos humanos y la comunidad política universal. La aludida discusión la relacionamos con debates en curso acerca de ciudades santuario y ciudades solidarias, además analizamos la función transformativa que pueden tener las solidaridades urbanas en el nivel ciudad. Empleamos el caso de Barcelona para proveer un ejemplo concreto que muestre una intersección entre la sociedad civil y el gobierno municipal. En adición, enfatizamos cómo las prácticas en el nivel ciudad aumentan y se utilizan para forjar solidaridades translocales y establecer conexiones entre ciudades. ; The so-called «refugee crisis» provoked a wave of solidarity movements across Europe.These movements contrasted with attitudes of rejection against refugees from almost all eu member states and the lack of coordinated and satisfactory response from the eu as an institution.Whilst the first position entails backlash of nationalized identities, the latter represents the failure of a cosmopolitan view attached to the eu. We argue that the European solidarity movement shapes a new kind of cosmopolitanism: a cosmopolitanism from below which fosters an inclusionary universalism, which is both critical and conflictual. Urban spaces thus become the place to locally articulate inclusive communities where solidarity bonds and coexistence prevail before national borders and cosmopolitan imaginaries about welcoming, human rights and the universalpolitical community are enhanced. We relate these discussions to ongoing debates about sanctuary cities and solidarity cities and discuss how urban solidarities can have a transformative role at the city level. We use the case of Barcelona to provide a concrete example of intersections between civil society and a municipal government. Furthermore, we discuss how practices on the scale of the city are up-scaled and used to forge trans-local solidarities and city networks.

The so-called "refugee crisis" provoked a wave of solidarity movements across Europe. These movements contrasted with attitudes of rejection against refugees from almost all EU member states and a lack of coordinated and satisfactory response from the EU as an institution. The growth of the solidarity movement entails backlash of nationalized identities, while the resistance of the member states to accept refugees represents the failure of the cosmopolitan view attached to the EU. In the article, we argue that the European solidarity movement shapes a new kind of cosmopolitanism: cosmopolitanism from below, which fosters an inclusionary universalism, which is both critical and conflictual. The urban scale thus becomes the place to locally articulate inclusive communities where solidarity bonds and coexistence prevail before national borders and cosmopolitan imaginaries about welcoming, human rights, and the universal political community are enhanced. We use the case of Barcelona to provide a concrete example of intersections between civil society and a municipal government. We relate this discussion to ongoing debates about "sanctuary cities" and solidarity cities and discuss how urban solidarities can have a transformative role at the city level. Furthermore, we discuss how practices on the scale of the city are up-scaled and used to forge trans-local solidarities and city networks.

The current special issue examines the range and strength of analysing contemporary transformations and struggles through the lens of 'precarity'. Rather than defining a single precariat, the interest is in exploring 'varieties of precarity'. These take different forms in different parts of the world, on different scales and in different socio-economic contexts, and yet they share certain characteristics in terms of conditions and capacity for agency. Contributions to this volume testify that precarity may be a political proposition as much as a sociological category that offers an analytical description of current transformations. The selection of articles has the 'politics of precarity' as a frame of reference. It describes the political economy of neoliberal globalization producing institutionally embedded precarization of labour, livelihoods and citizenship, but also resistance against the systemic structuration within which it is embedded.

This article examines categories of deservingness in social policy. It argues that immigrant groups are positioned differently according to their status and perceived 'value' for society. On the one hand, most states need several types of migrant labour; on the other hand, they wish to limit other types of migrants. The balance between humanitarian obligations and this urge to control has led to the development of ambiguous policy designs. This tendency can also be found in Denmark. Public policies and the attribution of public goods and rights are increasingly developed within a hierarchical system of civic stratification that legitimises welfare chauvinism, rather than defending the universalist principle embedded in a universal/social-democratic welfare state model. The article investigates welfare chauvinism in relation to unemployment/social security benefits for labour migrants and refugees.