Suchergebnisse

Published also as thesis (PH.D.) Columbia university, 1921. ; Bibliography: p. 248-256. ; Mode of access: Internet.

National audience ; The interest of grazing grows usually on a par with the constraints dictated by the environment, as is illustrated by a simplified presentation of the main livestock farming systems in the European Union : the cattle and sheep suckling systems which predominate largely in the so-called underendowed regions, where their economic role is often determinant. ln the most intensive dairying systems, there is often a growing interest for grazing, in most European countries and even in North America. Present-day expectations of society (health security, nutritive value, quality and genuineness of the nutriments, conditions of production such as animal welfare, regard for the environment and specifically for water, etc.) reinforce this trend. To these factors should be added the beneficial impact on the maintenance of landscapes and of bio-diversity, so that the arguments in favour of maintaining or even extending grazing are becoming ever more numerous. The mastering of the grazing practice however will always require the learning of rules difficult to write down, the more so as the new expectations of society may involve quite different management techniques. The creation of tools that will be an aid to decision-making at various stages, from setting up a forage production plan to the change of paddocks, still opens large possibilities of research. ; Le pâturage est le mode d'alimentation naturel des herbivores, il se pratique dans des milieux physiques et des systèmes agraires forts différents dans les diverses régions européennes. Dans le contexte actuel d'une pression sociétale forte, la place du pâturage évolue et de nouveaux enjeux se dessinent. L'intérêt du pâturage croît souvent avec l'augmentation des contraintes du milieu comme l'illustre une présentation simplifiée des principaux systèmes d'élevage de l'Union Européenne. Cependant, même chez les systèmes laitiers intensifs, on constate un regain d'intérêt pour le pâturage. Les nouvelles attentes de la société (sécurité sanitaire, qualité ...

OBJECTIVES. Epidemiological surveillance can be used to identify problems, suggest hypotheses, and assess the effectiveness of preventive actions. These objectives are pursued in the analysis of the dynamic evolution of Salmonella enteritidis infections. In this analysis, development of the epidemic in France and the United States is compared. METHODS. This analysis is based on the formulation of a simple deterministic compartmental model, in which human contact with contaminated food is expressed in terms of a baseline transmission rate. RESULTS. In France, the baseline transmission rate, stable up until 1986, is multiplied by 2.3 in 1987 and by 4.1 in 1988. There is no evidence of a slowdown of the linear rate of increase. In the Middle Atlantic region of the United States, the linear increase of the epidemic is similar to that observed in France. From 1990 a potential effect of the preventive measures is observed. CONCLUSIONS. The pattern of increase of the baseline transmission rate is similar in France and in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States. However, preventive measures, used in both areas, appeared more effective in the United States.

Cultural intelligence (CQ) is the capability to function effectively in intercultural and global environments. This paper reports on a study conducted to assess CQ levels among line-level employees in various types of industries and organizations in Ecuador. A first in its focus on line-level employees in Ecuador, the study found that levels of CQ varied among workers, both overall and in the various subsets of CQ, and that significant differences existed based on demographic variables.

L'avenir de l'agriculture réside non seulement dans la production alimentaire, mais elle suscite également des préoccupations telles que la qualité alimentaire, les services écosystémiques, l'inclusion des populations marginalisées, la régénération rurale et la production d'énergie. Pourtant, quelles sont les innovations qui aideront à réaliser ces développements ? Quel rôle la recherche et les politiques publiques peuvent-elles remplir ? Ce livre envisage les innovations sociales et institutionnelles, ainsi que les options techniques.

Este manuscrito presenta un estudio que analiza la producción científica de los sistemas de educación superior en un número selecto de países de América Latina y la coloca dentro de un debate más amplio sobre el rol cambiante de la universidad en la sociedad. El estudio utilizó la clasificación de los países encuestados con respecto a dos indicadores principales: 1. la educación superior y la formación (Informe de Competitividad Global 2012-2013); y 2. la productividad científica de las instituciones de educación superior (IES) tanto medido por el número de artículos de investigación publicados en revistas internacionales revisadas por pares como archivados en la base de datos Scopus (Elsevier B.V.) y disponible en los informes del Ranking Iberoamericano SIR 2009-2013. La relación de ambos indicadores con diversos indicadores socioeconómicos y de tecnología se examinó para determinar la medida en la que la calidad y la productividad científica de los sistemas de educación superior de un país afectan una serie de índices de desempeño del país tales como la competitividad global, la innovación, la salud y la educación primaria, la eficacia del gobierno, el conocimiento y la producción MASKANA, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2013 Revista semestral de la DIUC 2 tecnológica y el PIB per cápita. Se analizó también la relación entre la productividad en forma de publicaciones científicas y de la inversión de un país en I + D, el número de investigadores por millón de habitantes y la calidad de sus institutos de investigación. Los resultados a nivel de América Latina se compararon con la eficacia de la investigación de los institutos de educación superior a nivel mundial. El estudio reveló que, a pesar de la gran variación que existe entre los países estudiados en la encuesta, el ranking del país en base de la educación y la formación y el récord promedio de publicación por IES se correlaciona con diversos indicadores socio-económicos importantes y, si bien se han llevado a cabo mejoras, muchos países de América Latina ; This paper reports on a study that analyzed the research output of higher education systems in a select number of Latin American countries and its relationship to several socio-economic and technological success indicators. This was placed within a broader discussion of the changing role of the university in society. The study used the rankings of the countries surveyed with respect to two major indicators: 1. higher education and training (Global Competiveness Report 2012-2013) and 2. scientific productivity of higher education institutions (HEI) as measured by the number of research papers published in international, peer reviewed journals as archived in the Scopus Database (Elsevier B.V.) and available in the SIR Iberoamericano Ranking Reports 2009-2013. The relationship of both indicators with various socio-economic and technology indicators was examined to assess the extent to which the quality and scientific productivity of a country's higher education system affected a number of country performance indices such as global competitiveness, innovation, health and primary education, government effectiveness, knowledge and technology output and GDP per capita. The relationship between scientific productivity in the form of published, refereed papers and a country's investment in R&D, researcher headcount per million inhabitants and the quality of its research institutes was analyzed as well. The findings at the Latin American level were compared to the research effectiveness of higher education institutes at the global level. The study found that, notwithstanding the huge variation that existed between the countries studied in the survey, the education and training country rank and the country average HEI publication record correlates with several important socio-economic indicators. Although improvements have been made many Latin American countries still trail their global counterparts in the area of research and publication. ; Cuenca ; Vol. 4; no. 2 (2013)

Este manuscrito presenta un estudio que analiza la producción científica de los sistemas de educación superior en un número selecto de países de América Latina y la coloca dentro de un debate más amplio sobre el rol cambiante de la universidad en la sociedad. El estudio utilizó la clasificación de los países encuestados con respecto a dos indicadores principales: 1. la educación superior y la formación (Informe de Competitividad Global 2012-2013); y 2. la productividad científica de las instituciones de educación superior (IES) tanto medido por el número de artículos de investigación publicados en revistas internacionales revisadas por pares como archivados en la base de datos Scopus (Elsevier B.V.) y disponible en los informes del Ranking Iberoamericano SIR 2009-2013. La relación de ambos indicadores con diversos indicadores socioeconómicos y de tecnología se examinó para determinar la medida en la que la calidad y la productividad científica de los sistemas de educación superior de un país afectan una serie de índices de desempeño del país tales como la competitividad global, la innovación, la salud y la educación primaria, la eficacia del gobierno, el conocimiento y la producción MASKANA, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2013 Revista semestral de la DIUC 2 tecnológica y el PIB per cápita. Se analizó también la relación entre la productividad en forma de publicaciones científicas y de la inversión de un país en I + D, el número de investigadores por millón de habitantes y la calidad de sus institutos de investigación. Los resultados a nivel de América Latina se compararon con la eficacia de la investigación de los institutos de educación superior a nivel mundial. El estudio reveló que, a pesar de la gran variación que existe entre los países estudiados en la encuesta, el ranking del país en base de la educación y la formación y el récord promedio de publicación por IES se correlaciona con diversos indicadores socio-económicos importantes y, si bien se han llevado a cabo mejoras, muchos países de América Latina ; This paper reports on a study that analyzed the research output of higher education systems in a select number of Latin American countries and its relationship to several socio-economic and technological success indicators. This was placed within a broader discussion of the changing role of the university in society. The study used the rankings of the countries surveyed with respect to two major indicators: 1. higher education and training (Global Competiveness Report 2012-2013) and 2. scientific productivity of higher education institutions (HEI) as measured by the number of research papers published in international, peer reviewed journals as archived in the Scopus Database (Elsevier B.V.) and available in the SIR Iberoamericano Ranking Reports 2009-2013. The relationship of both indicators with various socio-economic and technology indicators was examined to assess the extent to which the quality and scientific productivity of a country's higher education system affected a number of country performance indices such as global competitiveness, innovation, health and primary education, government effectiveness, knowledge and technology output and GDP per capita. The relationship between scientific productivity in the form of published, refereed papers and a country's investment in R&D, researcher headcount per million inhabitants and the quality of its research institutes was analyzed as well. The findings at the Latin American level were compared to the research effectiveness of higher education institutes at the global level. The study found that, notwithstanding the huge variation that existed between the countries studied in the survey, the education and training country rank and the country average HEI publication record correlates with several important socio-economic indicators. Although improvements have been made many Latin American countries still trail their global counterparts in the area of research and publication. ; Cuenca ; Vol. 4; no. 2 (2013)

Este manuscrito presenta un estudio que analiza la producción científica de los sistemas de educación superior en un número selecto de países de América Latina y la coloca dentro de un debate más amplio sobre el rol cambiante de la universidad en la sociedad. El estudio utilizó la clasificación de los países encuestados con respecto a dos indicadores principales: 1. la educación superior y la formación (Informe de Competitividad Global 2012-2013); y 2. la productividad científica de las instituciones de educación superior (IES) tanto medido por el número de artículos de investigación publicados en revistas internacionales revisadas por pares como archivados en la base de datos Scopus (Elsevier B.V.) y disponible en los informes del Ranking Iberoamericano SIR 2009-2013. La relación de ambos indicadores con diversos indicadores socioeconómicos y de tecnología se examinó para determinar la medida en la que la calidad y la productividad científica de los sistemas de educación superior de un país afectan una serie de índices de desempeño del país tales como la competitividad global, la innovación, la salud y la educación primaria, la eficacia del gobierno, el conocimiento y la producción MASKANA, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2013 Revista semestral de la DIUC 2 tecnológica y el PIB per cápita. Se analizó también la relación entre la productividad en forma de publicaciones científicas y de la inversión de un país en I + D, el número de investigadores por millón de habitantes y la calidad de sus institutos de investigación. Los resultados a nivel de América Latina se compararon con la eficacia de la investigación de los institutos de educación superior a nivel mundial. El estudio reveló que, a pesar de la gran variación que existe entre los países estudiados en la encuesta, el ranking del país en base de la educación y la formación y el récord promedio de publicación por IES se correlaciona con diversos indicadores socio-económicos importantes y, si bien se han llevado a cabo mejoras, muchos países de América Latina ; This paper reports on a study that analyzed the research output of higher education systems in a select number of Latin American countries and its relationship to several socio-economic and technological success indicators. This was placed within a broader discussion of the changing role of the university in society. The study used the rankings of the countries surveyed with respect to two major indicators: 1. higher education and training (Global Competiveness Report 2012-2013) and 2. scientific productivity of higher education institutions (HEI) as measured by the number of research papers published in international, peer reviewed journals as archived in the Scopus Database (Elsevier B.V.) and available in the SIR Iberoamericano Ranking Reports 2009-2013. The relationship of both indicators with various socio-economic and technology indicators was examined to assess the extent to which the quality and scientific productivity of a country's higher education system affected a number of country performance indices such as global competitiveness, innovation, health and primary education, government effectiveness, knowledge and technology output and GDP per capita. The relationship between scientific productivity in the form of published, refereed papers and a country's investment in R&D, researcher headcount per million inhabitants and the quality of its research institutes was analyzed as well. The findings at the Latin American level were compared to the research effectiveness of higher education institutes at the global level. The study found that, notwithstanding the huge variation that existed between the countries studied in the survey, the education and training country rank and the country average HEI publication record correlates with several important socio-economic indicators. Although improvements have been made many Latin American countries still trail their global counterparts in the area of research and publication. ; Cuenca ; volumen 4; número 2 (2013)

Thermal power plants in different fields are regularly adapted to the state-of-the-art emissions standards, applying "The Best Available Techniques Reference". Since 2016 in the power plant area new, more stringent limits for power plant units with a thermal output of more than 300 MW operated with black coal are valid. Usually, in order to reach the new limits e.g., for NOX emissions, downstream reduction processes (Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction, SNCR or Selective Catalytic eduction) are applied, which use of operating resources (essentially ammonia water) thereby increase. By the means of an xperimentally validated process, by which pulverized fuel is fed by oscillation through a swirl burner into a pilot ombustion chamber with a thermal output of 2.5 MW, nitrogen oxides can be reduced without further activities, for nstance from 450 mg/mN3 in non-oscillation operation mode (0 Hz) to 280 mg/mN3 in oscillation operation mode (3.5 Hz), normalized to an O2–content of 6% each. These findings were patented in EP3084300. Particularly promising are the experiments which utilize oscillation of a large portion of the burn out air instead of the fuel in order to minimize the fatigue of the pulverized fuel oscillator, amongst others. Thereby, the nitrogen conversion rate, which describes the ratio of NOX to fuel nitrogen, including thermal NOX can be reduced from 26% for non-oscillation operation mode down to 6%. The present findings show that fuel oscillation alone is not sufficient to achieve nitrogen oxides concentrations below the legislative values. Therefore, a combination of different primary (and secondary) measures is required. This paper presents the experimental results for oscillating coal-dust firing. Furthermore, an expert model based on a multivariate regression is developed to evaluate the experimental results.

Signed: E.H. Cunningham-Craig, Government Geologist. ; At head of title: Council paper no. 12 of 1906. ; Mode of access: Internet.

We report our experience in managing 13 consecutive clinically suspected cases of Buruli ulcer on the face treated at the hospital of the Institut Médical Evangélique at Kimpese, Democratic Republic of Congo diagnosed during 2003–2007. During specific antibiotherapy, facial edema diminished, thus minimizing the subsequent extent of surgery and severe disfigurations. The following complications were observed: 1) lagophthalmos from scarring in four patients and associated ectropion in three of them; 2) blindness in one eye in one patient; 3) disfiguring exposure of teeth and gums resulting from excision of the left labial commissure that affected speech, drinking, and eating in one patient; and 4) dissemination of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in three patients. Our study highlights the importance of this clinical presentation of Buruli ulcer, and the need for health workers in disease-endemic areas to be aware of the special challenges management of Buruli ulcer on the face presents.

Invited Manuscripts ; International audience ; In 2014, the Third International Conference on the resilience of social-ecological systems chose the theme 'resilience and development: mobilizing for transformation.' The conference aimed specifically at fostering an encounter between the experiences and thinking focused on the issue of resilience through a social and ecological system perspective, and the experiences focused on the issue of resilience through a development perspective. In this perspectives piece, we reflect on the outcomes of the meeting and document the differences and similarities between the two perspectives as discussed during the conference, and identify bridging questions designed to guide future interactions. After the conference, we read the documents (abstracts, PowerPoints) that were prepared and left in the conference database by the participants (about 600 contributions), and searched the web for associated items, such as videos, blogs, and tweets from the conference participants. All of these documents were assessed through one lens: what do they say about resilience and development? Once the perspectives were established, we examined different themes that were significantly addressed during the conference. Our analysis paves the way for new collective developments on a set of issues: (1) Who declares/assign/cares for the resilience of what, of whom? (2) What are the models of transformations and how do they combine the respective role of agency and structure? (3) What are the combinations of measurement and assessment processes? (4) At what scale should resilience be studied? Social transformations and scientific approaches are coconstructed. For the last decades, development has been conceived as a modernization process supported by scientific rationality and technical expertise. The definition of a new perspective on development goes with a negotiation on a new scientific approach. Resilience is presently at the center of this negotiation on a new science for development.