Suchergebnisse

Acknowledges the potential problems the year 2000 may cause to computer software and hardware, but emphasises the need to understand fully and acknowledge the challenges and threats posed by date sensitive embedded systems. Describes embedded systems and the reasons why they have been generally ignored in the discussions about the year 2000. Discusses the potential disasters and the efforts that need to be made to overcome these problems. Provides examples of problems that have already been considered or encountered.

Many accounts of how scientists select journals for their papers suggest that the dominant consideration is the maximization of professional rewards: scientists are assumed to try to publish in the most prestigious possible journals, and, if rejected, to work their way down the prestige hierarchy of journals, until acceptance is secured. In this study, biochemists were surveyed to determine the relative influence of various factors upon their selection of journals for the submission and resubmission of their papers. Citation data were then used to test hypotheses derived from the reward maximization model of submission behaviour. It was found that journals were primarily selected on the basis of the audiences they reach, rather than the rewards they confer, and the reward-seeking model of selection behaviour found little or no support.

In the 1930s a deviant science, parapsychology, penetrated the boundaries of academia and underwent a degree of institutionalization therein. This paper analyzes these developments using the analytic categories found in recent sociological studies of the emergence of new disciplines (and subdisciplines) in science. It is shown that parapsychology's emergence displays characteristics typical of non-deviant sciences at their emergence, and, more particularly, that those who undertook parapsychological research had a similar distribution of social status to psychologists who were active in similar well-established fields.