Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis viewpoint analyzes recent experiments in guaranteed income (GI) projects and identifies implementation issues that extend the frontiers of public administration. GI programs provide low‐income individuals with substantial and regular cash with few or no strings or conditions attached and are being used to assist the lower income population, including informal workers who are left out of many government programs. The following implementation issues are discussed as frontiers in current public administration research and theory: (1) increasing the federal role in vertical collaboration; (2) improving data integration across levels of government; and (3) finding new solutions to financial and political sustainability. As GI programs and experiments proliferate, it becomes critical to examine implementation and not just outcomes or impact.

Basic income programs have been used worldwide as a tool to mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Brazil, the implementation of federal emergency basic income initiatives faces a twofold challenge: money distribution logistics and eligibility criteria. This paper analyses the use of digital complementary currencies (DCC) to face these challenges. Complementary currencies have long existed in Brazil as part of community banks. The latter are institutions that operate at the local level and have better information regarding residents' needs. We present the case of Mumbuca E-Dinheiro, a DCC adopted by the municipality of Maricá (RJ), and discuss how this initiative has enabled quick and safe cash distribution aimed at mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. We suggest that, at present, basic emergency income could be distributed through the E-Dinheiro platform, starting with the municipalities in which it already operates and then expanding to others. Interoperability with other actors in the payment ecosystem and connections with local governments are additional actions to scale up the use of digital complementary currencies to combat the coronavirus crisis. ; Los programas de ingresos básicos se han utilizado en todo el mundo como una herramienta para mitigar los efectos adversos de la crisis de COVID-19. En Brasil, la implementación de iniciativas federales de ingresos básicos de emergencia enfrenta un doble desafío: la logística de distribución de dinero y los criterios de elegibilidad de los ciudadanos. Las iniciativas monetarias complementarias han existido en Brasil durante muchos años y están asociadas especialmente con bancos comunitarios, instituciones que operan a nivel local y tienen un conocimiento más profundo sobre las necesidades de los residentes. Este artículo examina el uso de monedas complementarias digitales para enfrentar los desafíos de distribución de ingresos. Presentamos el caso de la moneda complementaria digital Mumbuca E-Dinheiro adoptada por el municipio de Maricá (RJ) y discutimos cómo esta iniciativa permitió la distribución de ingresos de manera rápida y segura para mitigar los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Sugerimos que, en el momento actual, los ingresos básicos de emergencia podrían pagarse a través de la plataforma E-Dinheiro, comenzando por los municipios en que esta plataforma ya opera y luego expandiéndose a los demás. La interoperabilidad con otros actores del ecosistema de pagos y los vínculos con los gobiernos locales son medidas adicionales para ampliar el uso de monedas complementarias digitales en la lucha contra la crisis del coronavirus. ; Programas de renda básica têm sido utilizados em todo o mundo como uma ferramenta para mitigar os efeitos adversos da crise da COVID-19. No Brasil, a implementação de iniciativas federais de renda básica emergencial (RBE) enfrenta um duplo desafio: a logística de distribuição de dinheiro e os critérios de elegibilidade dos cidadãos. No entanto, iniciativas de moedas complementares existem há muitos anos no Brasil, estando associadas especialmente aos bancos comunitários, os quais operam no nível local e possuem conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre as necessidades dos moradores. Este artigo analisa o uso de moedas digitais complementares no enfrentamento de desafios de distribuição de renda. Apresentamos o caso da moeda complementar digital Mumbuca E-Dinheiro, adotada pelo município de Maricá (RJ). Discutimos como esta iniciativa permitiu a distribuição de renda de forma rápida e segura com o objetivo de mitigar os efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Sugerimos que, no momento atual, a RBE poderia ser paga através do E-dinheiro, começando pelos municípios nos quais ele já atua e depois se expandindo para os demais. A interoperabilidade com outros atores do ecossistema de pagamentos e articulações com governos locais são medidas adicionais para dar escala ao uso das moedas complementares digitais no combate à crise do coronavírus.

Este estudo investiga se e como o desempenho nanceiro e social das cooperativas que ofertam microcrédito no Brasil foi afetado pelo advento do Crescer – Programa Nacional de Microcrédito. A pesquisa preenche lacuna na literatura da área, uma vez que há poucos estudos sobre cooperativas que trabalham com microcrédito e também sobre os efeitos de intervenções governamentais na área de microcrédito. Pesquisas como esta podem auxiliar na avaliação do impacto de intervenções governamentais sobre o desempenho das instituições direta ou indiretamente afetadas. Os resultados do estudo acrescentam novos elementos ao debate sobre o mercado do microcrédito e sobre a inserção das cooperativas de crédito nesse mercado. Em particular, as evidências aqui discutidas oferecem subsídio para o desenho de políticas públicas e para a de nição de estratégias de instituições de micro nanças, as quais tipicamente combinam objetivos econômicos e sociais. Com base na literatura, foram calculados 15 indicadores para cada cooperativa, relacionados ao seu desempenho nanceiro e social. As inferências baseiam-se na implementação do estimador de diferença em diferenças utilizando o advento do Crescer, em 2011, como o evento exógeno de interesse, e incluindo, no grupo de controle, as cooperativas de crédito que não forneceram empréstimos de microcrédito ao longo do período amostral. A pesquisa apresenta evidências de que o volume de clientes e de operações de microcrédito realizadas pelas cooperativas de crédito brasileiras foi positivamente afetado por mudanças regulatórias ocorridas em 2011, de forma compatível com os objetivos da intervenção governamental. As evidências também sugerem que a intervenção governamental enfocada não comprometeu a sustentabilidade nanceira das cooperativas. As mudanças enfocadas são: redução substancial das taxas de juros e custos de transação, implementação de subsídios aos participantes do programa e impulso para bancos públicos para aumentar sua oferta de microcrédito produtivo e orientado. ; This study investigates whether the performance of credit unions that offer microcredit in Brazil was affected by the advent of Crescer – the National Microcredit Program. This research fills a gap in the literature because few papers investigate credit unions that work with microcredit and also the effects of governmental interventions related to microcredit operations. Studies of this type may help evaluate the impact of governmental interventions on the performance of the institutions that are directly or indirectly affected. Our results add to the debate about microcredit and about the inclusion of credit unions in this market. In particular, our evidence may influence the design of public policies and the strategies of microfinance institutions, which typically combine economic and social objectives. Based on the literature, we calculate fifteen indicators for each credit union, related to their financial and social performance. The inferences are based on the implementation of the difference in differences estimator using the advent of Crescer, in 2011, as the exogenous event of interest and including in the control group the credit unions that did not provide microcredit loans throughout the sample period. This research presents evidence that the volume of clients and microcredit operations performed by Brazilian credit unions was positively affected by regulatory changes that took place in 2011, consistently with the objectives of the governmental intervention. The evidence also suggests that the governmental intervention did not harm the financial sustainability of the credit unions. The main changes are: a substantial reduction of interest rates and transaction costs, the implementation of subsidies to participants in the program, and a push for public banks to enhance their supply of productive and oriented microcredit.

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether the performance of credit unions that offer microcredit in Brazil was affected by the advent of Crescer - the National Microcredit Program. This research fills a gap in the literature because few papers investigate credit unions that work with microcredit and also the effects of governmental interventions related to microcredit operations. Studies of this type may help evaluate the impact of governmental interventions on the performance of the institutions that are directly or indirectly affected. Our results add to the debate about microcredit and about the inclusion of credit unions in this market. In particular, our evidence may influence the design of public policies and the strategies of microfinance institutions, which typically combine economic and social objectives. Based on the literature, we calculate fifteen indicators for each credit union, related to their financial and social performance. The inferences are based on the implementation of the difference in differences estimator using the advent of Crescer, in 2011, as the exogenous event of interest and including in the control group the credit unions that did not provide microcredit loans throughout the sample period. This research presents evidence that the volume of clients and microcredit operations performed by Brazilian credit unions was positively affected by regulatory changes that took place in 2011, consistently with the objectives of the governmental intervention. The evidence also suggests that the governmental intervention did not harm the financial sustainability of the credit unions. The main changes are: a substantial reduction of interest rates and transaction costs, the implementation of subsidies to participants in the program, and a push for public banks to enhance their supply of productive and oriented microcredit.

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of microcredit in Brazil. We use a propensity score matching on original primary data on business and personal outcomes to compare veteran clients of BNDES—Brazil's largest government-owned development bank—to a matched sample of more recent clients. Based on administrative data as well as data from a survey of 2107 clients from the South and Northeast regions of Brazil, the findings show no significant impacts on income, employment generation, access to credit, and business formalization, except for the poorest Municipalities of the Northeast, where microcredit presented positive effects.