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Introduction Since the late 1970s, when the current programmes seeking to modernize China's defence establishment began, issues of military doctrine, strategy and operations have remained at the forefront of China's quest for a defence capacity capable of being ranked among the world's great powers. As the Chinese leadership contemplated defence modernization, they could not but recognize the Janus-like quality of their armed forces. One face looked back on the people's war traditions that served them so well and for so long, while the other faced the complexities of conventional and strategic nuclear warfare and deterrence in the latter part of the 20th century.

The paper seeks to define the path Chinese military theorists are taking as they endeavour to resolve two dilemmas. On the one hand, they are attempting to make the People's Liberation Army a better combat force with the weapons and equipment they now take into the field, or plan to acquire soon. The other quest is adequately to prepare the armed services for war in the future as the weapons and equipment they field take them into the doctrine, strategy and concepts of operations required for the coming integrated battlefields of space, air, land and the oceans. (DÜI-Sen)

The United States and China must engage in some deep soul searching. What type of strategic stability does the United States seek with China? Is China a large rogue state whose strategic forces must be neutered by defensive systems, or is it a small Russia where strategic stability is achieved through mutual deterrence?

How issues of trust, equal treatment, and its self-perceived military and technological weakness affect China's negotiating stance at ASEAN Regional Forum meetings.

Analyzes motives and strategies for modernizing nuclear and conventional forces.