Suchergebnisse

El artículo aborda una comparación diacrónica entre las prácticas y los resultados políticos y legales en los ámbitos nacional e internacional de las Madres de Plaza de Mayo en Argentina entre 1977 y 1980, y el Movimiento de Víctimas de Crímenes de Estado en Colombia entre 2005 y 2008. El actuar de estos movimientos ha plasmado los antecedentes y recopilado la evidencia que ha permitido la construcción de comisiones de la memoria en sus respectivos países. El arduo trabajo y el protagonismo de estos dos referentes, configuran las condiciones para desarrollar dicha reconstrucción y la búsqueda de la verdad y de la construcción de garantías de no repetición, además de demarcar el proceder de las organizaciones que les han sucedido. ; The article deals with a diachronic comparison between the practices and the political and legal results in the national and international spheres of the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo in Argentina between 1977 and 1980, and the Movement of Victims of State Crimes in Colombia between 2005 and 2008. The actions of these movements have shaped the antecedents and compiled the evidence that has allowed the construction of memory commissions in their respective countries. The arduous work and protagonism of these two referents configure the conditions for developing this reconstruction and the search for the truth and the construction of guarantees of non-repetition, in addition to demarcating the actions of the organizations that have succeeded them. © 2018, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved.

The article deals with a diachronic comparison between the practices and the political and legal results in the national and international spheres of the Mothers of Plaza de Mayo in Argentina between 1977 and 1980, and the Movement of Victims of State Crimes in Colombia between 2005 and 2008. The actions of these movements have shaped the antecedents and compiled the evidence that has allowed the construction of memory commissions in their respective countries. The arduous work and protagonism of these two referents configure the conditions for developing this reconstruction and the search for the truth and the construction of guarantees of non-repetition, in addition to demarcating the actions of the organizations that have succeeded them. ; El artículo aborda una comparación diacrónica entre las prácticas y los resultados políticos y legales en los ámbitos nacional e internacional de las Madres de Plaza de Mayo en Argentina entre 1977 y 1980, y el Movimiento de Víctimas de Crímenes de Estado en Colombia entre 2005 y 2008. El actuar de estos movimientos ha plasmado los antecedentes y recopilado la evidencia que ha permitido la construcción de comisiones de la memoria en sus respectivos países. El arduo trabajo y el protagonismo de estos dos referentes, configuran las condiciones para desarrollar dicha reconstrucción y la búsqueda de la verdad y de la construcción de garantías de no repetición, además de demarcar el proceder de las organizaciones que les han sucedido.

This paper investigates the tropological structure of Aleksandr Prochanov's journalistic writing froma deconstructive perspective. The aimof my analysis is to show that the presence of tropes in Prochanov's journalism cannot simply be explained as a political-ideological manipulation of literary language, as stated by most of the scholars. In my opinion it is connected to the rhetorical nature of language, i. e. to the possibility to speak and write in images and thus to subvert the relation between signified and signifier. As I show in the analysis of the exemplary text Stalin is not bronze but the speed of light, the tropological structure of the language deconstructs not only the text, but the relationship between the author andthe text andthus leads us to a reinterpretationof the literary journalismas such. ; Peer Reviewed

In seinen Werken thematisiert Gert Neumann (1942) die Sprachskepsis bzw. Sprachlosigkeit in der DDR und die Rolle der Literatur in politischem und ideologischem Widerstand. In diesem Aufsatz skizziere ich Neumanns 'sprachlichen Kampf' gegen den realsozialistischen Staat sowie seine Vorstelllung einer literarischen Praxis, deren Ziel einerseits die Dekonstruktion des offiziellen Herrschaftsdiskurses der DDR und andererseits die Verteidigung der Würde der poetischen Sprache und der literarischen Wahrheit in jenem politisch problematischen Kontext ist. ; Gert Neumann's (1942) works deal with such themes as the difficulty to speak and to write in the GDR as well as the role of literature in the process of political and ideological opposition. In this article I outline Neumann's concept of a 'linguistic battle' with the socialist State as well as his understanding of an underground literary practice which aims to deconstruct the official discourse of the GDR and to defend the poetic language and the values of truth in an context of political oppression. ; Las obras de Gert Neumann (1942) tratan temas como la dificultad de hablar y escribir en la RDA, así como el papel de la literatura en el proceso de oposición política e ideológica. En este artículo se delínea la 'lucha lingüística' contra el estado realsocialista de Neumann, asi como su idea de una práctica literaria cuyo objetivo es, por un lado, la deconstrucción del discurso oficial de la RDA y, por otro, la defensa de la dignidad del lenguaje poético y de la verdad literaria en un contexto político de opresión.

Cet article compare les schémas de travail aux États-Unis avec ceux de quelques pays européens, ainsi que l'importance du salaire dans les revenus des Américains âgés. Il analyse comment, vivant plus longtemps et travaillant moins, les Américains peuvent profiter davantage de la retraite et décrit la récente augmentation des départs à la retraite parmi les seniors. Il présente en outre les raisons pour lesquelles les personnes âgées décident de continuer de travailler : d'un côté, l'attrait du salaire et les opportunités d'emploi ; de l'autre, la nécessité de travailler plus longtemps que les Américains âgés ressentent lorsque leur pension de retraite devient incertaine. Enfin, il explique pourquoi les pensions de retraite diminuent aux Etats-Unis et propose une analyse des politiques qui seraient socialement optimales dans ce pays. Une personne âgée aujourd'hui de 65 ans devra, en moyenne, travailler 30% de plus (à cause de la baisse des revenus disponibles pour la retraite) pour obtenir la même pension d'entreprise qu'un retraité en 1974, sans tenir compte de la hausse des frais médicaux qui relèvent de manière importante le coût de la vie pour la population âgée. En outre, les médicaments sont de plus en plus chers et la couverture santé offerte par l'employeur diminue à l'heure de la retraite. La hausse des dépenses et la baisse du niveau de vie réel qui en résultent pour les ménages âgés incitent à travailler plus longtemps.

PRESSURE TO REDUCE GOVERNMENT OLD-AGE PROGRAMS AND PRIVATIZE PENSIONS COMES PRIMARILY FROM TWO SOURCES. FIRST, SLUGGISH ECONOMIES AND AGING POPULATIONS PUT PRESSURE ON NATIONAL BUDGETS. SECONDLY, CAPITAL OWNERS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WANT A SUPPLY OF FUNDS FOR NASCENT STOCK AND BOND MARKETS TO EFFECT PRIVATIZATION OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES. SHRINKING OLD-AGE PROGRAMS ALSO REPRESENT A BACKLASH AGAINST LABOR-SUPPORTED SOCIAL INSURANCE. MONEY MANAGEMENT FIRMS AND BENEFITS COUNSELORS ARE EAGER TO WORK WITH GOVERNMENTS TO SET UP PRIVATE PENSIONS. THE FRAMEWORK RELIES ON MODERN PORTFOLIO THEORY (MPT) ARGUMENTS THAT UNREGULATED CAPITAL MARKETS ARE EFFICIENT. MPT SAYS THAT, WHEN THERE ARE FREE FLOWS OF INFORMATION, INVESTORS WILL DEMAND HIGHER RETURN FOR RISKIER INVESTMENTS. WHEN THE RISK OF A PARTICULAR INVESTMENT RISES, MARKET PARTICIPANTS WILL KNOW AND THE PRICE WILL START TO INCREASE FOR THE ISSUE TO BE SOLD. THUS, NEARLY ALL THE TIME, STOCKS AND BONDS HAVE JUST THE RIGHT PRICE. IF THE GOVERNMENT INTERVENES TO SUBSIDIZE OR REGULATE MARKETS, FUNDS WILL NOT BRING THE HIGHEST RETURN FOR THE RISK TAKEN. BOTH THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION AND THE U.S. LABOR MOVEMENT CHALLENGE THIS EFFICIENCY ARGUMENT. THE LABOR MOVEMENT LED THE WAY IN OPPOSING THE RADICAL CUTS IN SOCIAL SECURITY PROPOSED BY THE 1994 BIPARTISAN SENATE COMMISSION ON ENTITLEMENTS.

Explores differences among funds invested according to market criteria and those incorporating economically or socially targeted investments and examines relationship of pension funds to national economies and social policies; prospects.