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A landmark account that reveals the long history behind the current Catalan and Scottish independence movements A distinguished historian of Spain and Europe provides an enlightening account of the development of nationalist and separatist movements in contemporary Catalonia and Scotland. This first sustained comparative study uncovers the similarities and the contrasts between the Scottish and Catalan experiences across a five-hundred-year period, beginning with the royal marriages that brought about union with their more powerful neighbors, England and Castile respectively, and following the story through the centuries from the end of the Middle Ages until today's dramatic events. J. H. Elliott examines the political, economic, social, cultural, and emotional factors that divide Scots and Catalans from the larger nations to which their fortunes were joined. He offers new insights into the highly topical subject of the character and development of European nationalism, the nature of separatism, and the sense of grievance underlying the secessionist aspirations that led to the Scottish referendum of 2014, the illegal Catalan referendum of October 2017, and the resulting proclamation of an independent Catalan republic

En los últimos años hemos sido testigos de un cambio de tendencia con respecto al estado-nación como tema central de la historia política europea. Al mismo tiempo, hemos presenciado un creciente interés en las «monarquías compuestas» como entidades políticas importantes en la Europa de la Edad Moderna. La historiografía portuguesa, con un sólid oénfasis en la historia de Portugal como nación independiente, se ha inclinado a considerar los años entre 1580 y 164 0como un desafortunado episodio dentro de la historia nacional, concentrándose especialmente en aquellos aspectos del período de la Unión de las Coronas que parecían presagiar la recuperación de la independencia, como si éste desenlace hubiese sido más o menos inevitable. El propósito de este artículo es el de equilibrar la balanza mediante el análisis de la naturaleza de la Unión y las consecuencias, tanto positivas como negativas, de la incorporación de Portugal a la Monarquía Hispánica, concluyendo con una disquisición especulativa sobre la supuesta inevitabilidad de la ruptura con la España de Felipe IV en 1640.Recent years have seen a move away from the tendency to make the rise of the nation state the central theme of European political history, and a growing interest in «composite monarchies» as important political entities in early modern Europe. Portuguese historiography, with its heavy emphasis on the history of Portugal as an independent nation, has tended to regard the years 1580-1640 as an unfortunate interlude in the national story, and has concentrated in particular on those aspects of the period of the Union of the Crowns which seem to look forward to the recovery of independence as a more or less inevitable development. This essay seeks to redress the balance by examining the nature of the Union and the consequences, positive as well as negative, of Portugal's incorporation into the Spanish Monarchy, and ends by speculating on the assumed inevitability of the break with the Spain of Philip IV in 1640.