Suchergebnisse

Changes in performance at a visual vigilance task over eight 40-minute sessions were studied in three groups of eight subjects. The task was to inspect a series of displays of small disks for the occasional presence of a disk of slightly greater area than the others. For one group (search), each display consisted of a row of six disks. For one of the two no-search groups, the display contained two adjacent disks, one of which served as a reference standard; for the other group this reference disk was absent. Substantial improvement in overall detection rate occurred in all three groups. Analysis indicated that in each case this improvement was due to a genuine increase in discriminatory efficiency and not to any change in response criterion. Neither search nor the presence or absence of a reference standard appeared to affect the degree of improvement observed to any marked extent. Within-session decrement was observed only in the search group; this decrement was found to result from a change in response criterion, and not from any alteration either in discriminatory efficiency or search strategy.

Technical theory -- The technical approach to trading and investing -- Charts -- The dow theory -- The dow theory's defects -- Replacing dow theory with john magee's basing points procedure -- Important reversal patterns -- Advantages -- Important reversal patterns: the triangles -- Important reversal patterns: continued -- Other reversal phenomena -- Consolidation formations -- Gaps -- Support and resistance -- Trendlines and channels -- Major trendlines -- Technical analysis of commodity charts -- A summary and concluding comments -- Trading tactics -- The tactical problem -- The all-important details -- The kind of stocks we want : the speculator¿s viewpoint -- Selection of stocks to chart -- Selection of stocks to chart : continued -- Choosing and managing high-risk stocks : tulip stocks, internet sector, and speculative frenzies -- The probable moves of your stocks -- Two touchy questions -- Round lots or odd lots? -- Stop orders -- What is a bottom, what is a top? -- Trendlines in action -- Use of support and resistance -- Not all in one basket -- Measuring implications in technical chart patterns -- Tactical review of chart action -- A quick summation of tactical methods -- Effect of technical trading on market action -- Automated trendline : the moving average -- The same old patterns -- Balanced and diversified -- Trial and error -- How much capital to use in trading -- Application of capital in practice -- Portfolio risk management -- Stick to your guns -- Appendix a appendix a -- Appendix b appendix b -- Appendix c appendix c -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index

"Describes how edwards-magee.com exited and shortened the market in January 2008 and went long in the gold market in 2003. Presents a powerful and simple system to replace Dow Theory. Contains new patterns and methods, integrates new charts, as well as offers expanded material on Magee's Basing Points Procedure. Expands coverage of pragmatic portfolio theory as a viable alternative to modern portfolio theory. Sixty-three years and Technical Analysis of Stock Trends still towers over the discipline of technical analysis like a mighty redwood. Originally published in 1948 and now in its Tenth Edition, this book remains the original and most important work on this topic. The book contains more than dry chart patterns, it passes down accumulated experience and wisdom from Dow to Schabacker, to Edwards, and to Magee, and has been modernized by W.H.C. Bassetti."--

Alternative fuel policies need accurate and transparent methods to find the embedded carbon intensity of individual refinery products. This study investigates different ways of allocating greenhouse gases emissions deriving from refining and upstream crude oil supply. Allocation methods based on mass, energy content, economic value and, innovatively, added-value, are compared with the marginal refining emissions calculated by CONCAWE's linear-programming model to the average EU refinery, which has been adopted as reference in EU legislation. Beside the most important transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, kerosene/jet fuel and heavy fuel oil), the analysis extends to petroleum coke and refinery hydrogen. Moreover, novel criteria, based on the implications due to hydrogen usage by each fuel pathway, have been introduced to test the consistency of the analyzed approaches. It is found that only two economic-based allocation methods are consistent with the introduced criteria. These two methods also give negative refinery emissions for heavy products, which is coherent with the marginal emissions calculated through the CONCAWE refinery model. The recommended allocation methods are transparent and use only publicly available statistical data, so they may be useful not only for future EU legislation, but also in jurisdictions where a representative refinery model is not available.

Purpose. This study evaluated the cost trend reduction from a health promotion program. Design. A randomized 12-month trial comparing claims data was conducted. Additional studies, utilizing quasi-experimental designs, analyzed changes in health habits and changes in costs estimated by self-report. Subjects. All active California Public Employees' Retirement System (PERS) employees (21,170), non-Medicare eligible retirees (8,316), and retirees with Medical Supplement coverage (25,416) administered by Blue Shield of California were included. Intervention. The program consisted of mailed health risk assessments at six- or 12-month intervals, with individualized reports and recommendation letters sent to participants emphasizing and encouraging change, self-management materials emphasizing self-care when appropriate, and quarterly newsletters. Passive participants received printed materials only. Measures. Health risks were based upon self-report; summary scores were computed by modified Framingham algorithms. Self-report cost data were estimated from reported doctor visits, hospital days, and days sick or confined to home. Claims data were those paid by Blue Shield of California. Results. The program was associated with: 1) reduction in health risk scores at 12 months, (p<.001), 2) reduction of subject reported medical utilization from baseline (p<.05), and 3) decrease in claims cost growth relative to controls (p=.03). Annual claims costs were approximately $3.2 to $8.0 million less than expected had costs for the experimental participants increased at the same rate as the control group. Discussion. Results suggest that appropriately designed health promotion programs can reduce health risks and at the same time reduce the medical care claims cost trend.

". for the Atomic Energy Commission under U.S. government contract No. W7405 eng 26."--Cover. ; "Date of issue: July 6, 1962 ; Report Number: K-1525 ; Subject category: Mathematics and Computers." ; Includes bibliographical references (leaf 21). ; Mode of access: Internet.

Lolium rigidum is one the worst herbicide resistant (HR) weeds worldwide due to its proneness to evolve multiple and cross resistance to several sites of action (SoA). In winter cereals crops in Spain, resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides has become widespread, with farmers having to rely on pre-emergence herbicides over the last two decades to maintain weed control. Recently, lack of control with very long-chain fatty acid synthesis (VLCFAS)-inhibiting herbicides has been reported in HR populations that are difficult to manage by chemical means. In this study, three Spanish populations of L. rigidum from winter cereals were confirmed as being resistant to ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, with broad-ranging resistance toward the different chemistries tested. In addition, reduced sensitivity to photosystem II-, VLCFAS-, and phytoene desaturase-inhibiting herbicides were confirmed across the three populations. Resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was associated with point mutations in positions Trp-2027 and Asp-2078 of the enzyme conferring target site resistance (TSR), while none were detected in the ALS enzyme. Additionally, HR populations contained enhanced amounts of an ortholog of the glutathione transferase phi (F) class 1 (GSTF1) protein, a functional biomarker of non-target-site resistance (NTSR), as confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Further evidence of NTSR was obtained in dose-response experiments with prosulfocarb applied post-emergence, following pre-treatment with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor malathion, which partially reversed resistance. This study confirms the evolution of multiple and cross resistance to ALS- and ACCase inhibiting herbicides in L. rigidum from Spain by mechanisms consistent with the presence of both TSR and NTSR. Moreover, the results suggest that NTSR, probably by means of enhanced metabolism involving more than one detoxifying enzyme family, confers cross resistance to other SoA. The study further demonstrates the urgent need to monitor and prevent the further evolution of herbicide resistance in L. rigidum in Mediterranean areas. ; This research has been supported by the Spanish Government, through project AGL2017-83325-C4-2-R (AEI/FEDER/UE). JT acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant Ramon y Cajal RYC2018-023866-I).

ABSTRACTA computer‐assisted telephone interview in Maryland of adults who had low income and were Hispanic, Black, and White and who had experienced a toothache during the previous 12 months was conducted. Respondents reported a high prevalence of toothaches, with 44.3% having experienced more than five toothaches during the preceding 10 years. Pain intensity associated with the most recent toothache was high with 45.1% of the respondents reporting the highest pain possible. Pain interfered with many aspects of normal functioning. Self‐care strategies generally took precedence over professional health services. Pain sufferers used a combination of self‐care and formal care strategies. Initial strategies most often focused on nonprescription medicines(home remedies and prayer. The majority of respondents ultimately sought pain relief from a dentist. We identified a number of significant differences in the strategies used across racial(ethnic groups.

The expansion of land used for crop production causes variable direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions, and other economic, social and environmental effects. We analyse the use of life cycle analysis (LCA) for estimating the carbon intensity of biofuel production from indirect land-use change (ILUC). Two approaches are critiqued: direct, attributional life cycle analysis and consequential life cycle analysis (CLCA). A proposed hybrid 'combined model' of the two approaches for ILUC analysis relies on first defining the system boundary of the resulting full LCA. Choices are then made as to the modelling methodology (economic equilibrium or cause–effect), data inputs, land area analysis, carbon stock accounting and uncertainty analysis to be included. We conclude that CLCA is applicable for estimating the historic emissions from ILUC, although improvements to the hybrid approach proposed, coupled with regular updating, are required, and uncertainly values must be adequately represented; however, the scope and the depth of the expansion of the system boundaries required for CLCA remain controversial. In addition, robust prediction, monitoring and accounting frameworks for the dynamic and highly uncertain nature of future crop yields and the effectiveness of policies to reduce deforestation and encourage afforestation remain elusive. Finally, establishing compatible and comparable accounting frameworks for ILUC between the USA, the European Union, South East Asia, Africa, Brazil and other major biofuel trading blocs is urgently needed if substantial distortions between these markets, which would reduce its application in policy outcomes, are to be avoided.