Suchergebnisse

Wohnen ist ein Grundbedürfnis, das immernoch für viele Menschen in allen Regionen der Welt nicht oder nur unzureichend gedeckt wird. Architektur und Städtebau können einen entscheidenden Beitrag leisten, neue Lösungsansätze zu finden, um das Angebot von Wohnraum für alle sicherzustellen. Die Herausforderung für erschwingliches Wohnen besteht vor allem darin, die Kosten und den resultierenden Wohnwert in ein optimales Verhältnis zu setzen. Der Weg dahin ist von vielen lokalen Parametern und kulturellen Prägungen abhängig. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in dem Buch nicht nur theoretische Ansätze vorgestellt, sondern am Beispiel herausragender Wohngebäude auch Strategien zur Schaffung von erschwinglichem Wohnraum aufgezeigt. Gerade durch die Analyse der Projekte im ökonomischen, sozialen und städtebaulichen Kontext werden diese Strategien vergleichbar. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Frage, wie sich unterschiedliche Ansätze zur Schaffung von erschwinglichem Wohnen auf regionale Spezifika übertragen lassen.

Tools based on machine learning (so-called artificial intelligence, AI) are increasingly being developed to diagnose malignant melanoma in dermatology. This contribution discusses (1) three scenarios for the use of AI in different medical settings, (2) shifts in competencies from dermatologists to non-specialists and empowered patients, (3) regulatory frameworks to ensure safety and effectiveness and their consequences for AI tools, and (4) cognitive dissonance and potential delegation of human decision-making to AI. We conclude that AI systems should not replace human medical expertise but play a supporting role. We identify needs for regulation and provide recommendations for action to help all (human) actors navigate safely through the choppy waters of this emerging market. Potential dilemmas arise when AI tools provide diagnoses that conflict with human medical expertise. Reconciling these conflicts will be a major challenge.

Abstract

Background
Ultraviolet (UV) exposure during outdoor work increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Therefore, the uptake of recommended sun protection behaviors is important to prevent UV-related skin damage in the population of outdoor workers. To develop targeted prevention campaigns, information on the use of sun protection behaviors in different industries is needed.


Methods
A total of 486 outdoor workers were surveyed on the use of several sun protection measures as part of the 7th wave of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring. Furthermore, details on job-related characteristics, sociodemographics, and skin type were assessed. Descriptive analyses stratified by sex were conducted.


Results
In general, use of sun protection was insufficient (e.g. 38.4% used sunscreen on the face). Sun protection behavior differed between female and male outdoor workers with females being more likely to use sunscreen and males being more likely to wear sun protective clothes and headgear. For male outdoor workers, we revealed several associations with job-related characteristics. For instance, those who were employed full time were more likely to wear sun protective clothes (e.g. shoulder-covering shirt: 87.1% versus 50.0%, P < 0.001).


Discussion
We identified deficits in sun protection behavior in outdoor workers and differences by sex- and job-related characteristics. These differences offer starting points for targeted prevention measures. In addition, the findings may inspire qualitative research.