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During the seventeenth century a vibrant and complex Jewish community developed in Hamburg and its surrounding areas. This community was comprised of several sub-communities that varied because of social and economic factors, ethnic differences and external political pressures. Utilizing the protocol books of the Portuguese Jewish community in Hamburg, Bell examines the nature and scope of this community by considering the relations between Sephardic (Portuguese) and Ashkenazic (Tudesco) Jews. He concludes that ethnicity could be an important factor, but that ethnicity was only one in a range of factors that helped to shape early modern Jewish communal identity.

Business Analysis Using Regression -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Class 1. Fitting Equations to Data -- Efficiency of Cleaning Crews -- Liquor Sales and Display Space -- Managing Benefits Costs -- Predicting Cellular Phone Use -- Class 2. Assumptions in Regression Modeling -- The Ideal Regression Model -- Predicting Cellular Phone Use, Revisited -- Efficiency of Cleaning Crews, Revisited -- Housing Prices and Crime Rates -- Direct Mail Advertising and Sales -- Housing Construction -- Class 3. Prediction and confidence intervals in regression -- Housing Construction, Revisited -- Liquor Sales and Display Space, Revisited -- Class 4. Multiple regression -- Automobile Design -- Class 5. Collinearity. -- Stock Prices and Market Indices -- Improving Parcel Handling -- Class 6. Modeling Categorical Factors with Two Levels -- Employee Performance Study -- Class 7. Modeling Categorical Factors with Two or More Levels -- Wage Discrimination -- Timing Production Runs -- Class 8. Summary Regression Case -- Executive Compensation -- Using Stepwise Regression for Prediction -- Class 9. Comparing Many Mean Values -- Selecting the Best Vendor -- Headache Pain Relief -- Analysis of Variance and Tests for Linearity -- Class 10. Analysis of Variance with Two Factors -- Package Design Experiment -- Evaluating Employee Time Schedules -- Class 11. Modeling a Categorical Response -- The Challenger Disaster -- Marketing Orange Juice -- Class 12. Modeling Time Series -- Predicting Cellular Phone Use, Revisited -- Trends in Computer Sales -- Assignments -- Appendix: Use with Minitab -- Index.

The foundation of preserving and enhancing global nuclear security rests on three fundamental pillars: nuclear disarmament; preventing further proliferation of nuclear weapons; and international cooperation aimed at safeguarding nuclear materials. Today, experts argue that the recent decision of Russian president Vladimir Putin to cut cooperative efforts to secure nuclear materials are placing in peril the future of international efforts to promote global nuclear security. We argue that in addition to the clear erosion of the third pillar of nuclear security, there are more threatening ramifications resulting from the recent actions of Russia in Ukraine. The aggressive actions of Russia in Ukraine, together with the unwillingness of the international community to exert sufficient pressure on Russia to honor the promises made to Ukraine in exchange for giving up nuclear weapons in 1990s (the Budapest Memorandum) are detrimental to non-proliferation objectives and reach far beyond the geographic boundaries of the current conflict. In addition, they may disrupt both further nuclear disarmament and stimulate proliferation of nuclear weapons. To the government of any country who has resisted the push toward nuclearization based on trust placed in international agreements, the inactions and/or inability of the international community to resist or reverse Russia's illegal actions must cause great concern. If binding diplomatic agreements are seen to only bind one party – the weaker party – that party will understandably be very hesitant to place full faith in any diplomatic document short of a binding treaty that has clear and required enforcement mechanisms. This is especially true when the stakes are a country's national security and ultimately its sovereignty. If any one of these nations moved toward nuclear status, the atomic dominos would surely begin to tumble, and the delicate nuclear equilibrium that defines the global nuclear security landscape today would be lost.

Individuals tend to be very bad at predicting their emotional responses to future events, often overestimating both the intensity and duration of their responses, particularly to negative events. The authors studied affective forecasting errors in the 2008 election in a large sample of undergraduates at Dartmouth College. Replicating past research, McCain supporters overpredicted their negative affect in response to the (future) election of Barack Obama. Obama supporters, however, underpredicted their happiness in response to his victory. Results are discussed with reference to mechanisms proposed to underlie the impact bias, as well as the unique circumstances surrounding this historic election season.