New Jersey in the automobile age: a history of transportation
In: The New Jersey Historical Series 23
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In: The New Jersey Historical Series 23
In: The journal of American-East Asian relations, Band 30, Heft 1, S. 32-60
ISSN: 1876-5610
Abstract
The prosecution of the crimes of the Imperial Japanese Army's Unit 731 are often compared to the prosecution of the crimes of the Nazi doctors. These comparisons emphasize immunity for the Japanese, whereas the Nazis were prosecuted for their actions. However, this comparison is an inaccurate one. While both trials look similar on the surface, their composition, scope, and framework were different. Conscious of the fact they were establishing international criminal precedent, the United States' case against the Nazi doctors relied on military chain of command to prove strong legal responsibility for human experimentation crimes. In contrast, the United States avoided prosecuting Unit 731 because they could not replicate the same clear legal framework used to successfully prosecute the Nazis. The Soviet Union recognized the strategic implications of the United States' decision not to try Unit 731 and saw an opportunity to strike a moral blow, not only by convicting Japanese military members at the Khabarovsk Trial, but also by immediately publishing the court's proceedings internationally. Rather than focusing on the morality of who was punished by whom, understanding the military structures as identified through these different court proceedings could enable prevention of crimes against humanity.
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Significance Many studies in international relations have investigated relationships between pairs of countries and the likelihood of conflict, yet none have connected the overall structure of the network of relationships between countries with the total level of international conflict. Here, we blaze a new path in the study of international conflict by introducing a measure of the overall fractionalization in the network of international relationships which we call Kantian fractionalization and demonstrating that this measure has been closely correlated with the number of new international conflicts in the following year. Moreover, we show that jointly democratic pairs of countries contribute negligibly to Kantian fractionalization, casting doubt on one of the most prominent concepts in international relations and policy prescriptions in Washington.
In: Marine corps gazette: the Marine Corps Association newsletter, Band 99, Heft 2, S. 87
ISSN: 0025-3170
In: Marine corps gazette: the Marine Corps Association newsletter, Band 99, Heft 2, S. 87
ISSN: 0025-3170
In: Marine corps gazette: the Marine Corps Association newsletter, Band 95, Heft 10, S. 12-19
ISSN: 0025-3170
In: The journal of conflict studies: journal of the Centre for Conflict Studies, University of New Brunswick, Band 28, S. 142-145
ISSN: 1198-8614
In: The China quarterly, Band 53, S. 67-79
ISSN: 1468-2648
The object of this article is to examine changing Chinese attitudes to
their place in the world from a Chinese historical and intellectual
perspective, in order to provide a basis for anticipating developments in
the future attuned more to a Chinese than to a western point of view. The
question immediately arises whether such a perspective is in any way
relevant to the recent theory and practice of international relations in the
People's Republic of China, and what insights, if any, such a perspective
may provide for discussing the future. This is a controversial subject
concerned with the nature of cultural change, and the extent to which "
imprinting" from a long continuity of accepted social and cultural values
can psychologically condition people even after a decisive
break in that tradition appears to have occurred.
SSRN
In: Journal of European public policy, Band 25, Heft 4, S. 546-566
ISSN: 1466-4429
In: International journal of business communication: IJBC ; a publication of the Association of Business Communication, Band 56, Heft 2, S. 278-296
ISSN: 2329-4892
This study used theory of independent mindedness as a framework to examine the role of aggressive communication traits in organizational assimilation. Both employee traits and their perception of supervisor traits were examined. Results indicated that employees who are indirect verbally aggressive report lower levels of familiarity with coworkers, acculturation, involvement, job competence, and role negotiation. Additionally, employees who perceive their supervisors as higher in argumentativeness, low in verbal aggressiveness, and low in indirect interpersonal aggressiveness report higher levels of familiarity with coworkers, familiarity with supervisors, acculturation, recognition, involvement, and role negotiation.
In: Conflict management and peace science: CMPS ; journal of the Peace Science Society ; papers contributing to the scientific study of conflict and conflict analysis, Band 24, Heft 4, S. 311
ISSN: 0738-8942
In: International journal / Canadian Institute of International Affairs, Band 24, Heft 1, S. 166-171
ISSN: 2052-465X
In: International journal / Canadian Institute of International Affairs, Band 23, Heft 1, S. 170-171
ISSN: 2052-465X