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Equality and Economy: The Global Challenge. Michael Blim. New York: AltaMira Press, 2005. 243 pp.

In the debate on how best to approach the study of migrant remittances, the author reviews & critiques existing remittance studies in the social sciences to argue that micro-level approaches offer a vital alternative to the unidimensional approaches of the past. The current transnational character of migration is distinguished by the type & direction of movement of people & capital, & the types of remittances. Macro & micro level analysis of remittances in terms of dependency & development indicate that these approaches do not readily translate into the local, & the linkages of geography, history & transnationalism surpass the limitations of analysis of dependency & development by qualifying what is actually dependent in a given situation, & how that situation may lead to growth & development over time. References. J. Harwell

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction the Cultures of Migration -- One The Household in a Global Perspective -- Two The Growth of Migration: Mobility, Security, Insecurity -- Three Contemporary Migration: Commuters and Internal Movers -- Four Contemporary Movers: International Migration -- Five Nonmovers and Those Who Stay Behind -- Six The Economics of Migration and the Possibilities of Development -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Index

Major League Baseball's (MLB) unwritten rules and unspoken norms communicate the continuing role that white American cultural values have within the sport. Coded into the past and present, foreign-born players, especially those from Latin America, confront these norms as they arrive to MLB with a distinctly Caribbean tíguere style of play. MLB seeks to overcome these differences by promoting its young Latino superstars through the marketing campaign Let the Kids Play. However, all actors, from The Office of the Commissioner of Baseball to current players, must increase their cultural competency and uproot their essentialist viewpoints to understand that these players are not trying to show up their opponent, but are instead adhering to the style of play they themselves learned and know best.

AbstractRussia remains the destination of choice for Tajik migrants. Its migration policies have profound implications for migrants' legal status and capacity to remit and return home. This article draws on ethnographic research in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, and explores how the enforcement of Russia's immigration laws affects Tajik migrants and their families. By 2016, over 300,000 Tajik migrants were issued entry bars (zapret na v'ezd) for three or more years for two or more administrative offenses, including the lack of a work permit or a residential registration and a traffic violation. Migration and the transnational lifestyle increase agency among Tajik men and women, informing gender transformations. Entry bars produce temporary constraints to spatial and social mobility as migrants readjust to well-defined gender roles in their home country. We note how immigration laws affect men and women in different ways, contextualizing the gendered effects of entry bars through the lens of gender relations and understandings of masculinity and femininity in Tajikistan. We argue that the constraints to migrants' mobility developed by Russian migration policies inform the reconstitution of gender relations in Tajikistan.

AbstractThis study explores the formation of the urban middle class in Tajikistan, a low‐income country in which large outmigration has developed over the past decades. Our study uses a Bourdieusian framework to note the ways international migration creates opportunities for class in the context of socio‐political constraints, which hinder upward social mobility of Tajikistan's population. Drawing from ethnographic research in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, our study investigates the cultural production of the urban middle class and contextualises its contested nature. We address the dynamic quality of class distinctions through the lens of culture, status, and symbolic values to unpack social and cultural processes that shape the formation of class in post‐Soviet Tajikistan. We argue that although managing competing constraints, Tajik migrants use migration‐related capital to become a part of the growing middle class. Our study contributes to scholarship on migration and class and suggests that analytical attention to different types of capital allows for a better understanding of class formation in sending countries.

Economic turmoil and war constitute the main engines fuelling migration in the Democratic Republic of Congo since 1980. The development of migration is accompanied by remittance transfers that impact on the country. The most common use of remittances are to satisfy basic needs and fund specific family events that can include buying land, house construction and opening businesses along with consumption (education, health…). The direct transfer of material goods, such as cars and medical & IT materials, also plays a major role. While most remittances are not used to cover investments; funding education and family wellbeing can support growth and development.