Suchergebnisse

Recently, several researchers have attempted to evaluate the extent to which housing discrimination explains the continuing levels of racial separation in U.S. metropolitan areas. They often use audit data that show that black households are likely to experience substantial discrimination in the housing market. A reevaluation of the statistical studies of segregation suggests that the effects of discrimination are smaller than has been previously postulated, and direct estimates of housing discrimination from surveys provide a rationale for such smaller effects.

Der Verfasser gibt zunächst einen Überblick zur Behandlung von Korruption im sowjetischen Strafgesetzbuch. Im folgenden werden Ergebnisse einer inhaltsanalytischen Untersuchung von Zeitungsberichten über Verurteilungen von Beamten wegen Korruption und Vergehen im Amt in der UdSSR zwischen 1965 und 1990 vorgelegt (n=855). Behandelt werden die Art des Vergehens, die verhängten Strafen sowie regionale Aspekte. Die Analyse arbeitet neben dem Ausmaß von Korruption aus finanziellem Eigeninteresse auch das Entstehen informeller institutioneller Arrangements während der Breschnjew-Zeit heraus. Diese Arrangements wurden offiziell geduldet und ersetzten notwendige Reformen der formellen institutionellen Bedingungen. (BIOst-Wpt)

Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist die Entwicklung des Anteils von Arbeiter- und Bauernvertretern im ZK der KPdSU in der Nach-Stalin-Ära. Der Verfasser untersucht die Karriere von 226 Arbeiter- und Bauernvertretern, die zwischen 1956 und 1990 ins ZK gewählt wurden. Analysiert werden die relativen Anteile von Männern und Frauen, funktionale Aspekte der Karrieregeschichte und Aspekte der geographischen Repräsentation. Der Verfasser zeigt, daß Gorbacev mit der Steigerung des Anteils von Arbeiter- und Bauernvertretern im ZK das Ziel verfolgt, die an der Aufrechterhaltung des sozioökonomischen Staus Quo interessierten institutionellen Interessen im ZK zurückzudrängen. (BIOst-Wpt)

ABSTRACTThe pattern and level of separation among ethnic groups continues to change, and there are certainly more mixed neighborhoods both in cities and suburbs than two decades ago. The immigration flows of the past decade have substantially altered the ethnic mix and neighborhood mixing. In addition, multi‐ethnic individuals themselves are altering the level of mixing among racial and ethnic groups. The research in this article shows that those who report themselves of more than one race have high levels of residential integration both in central cities and suburbs. These residential patterns can be interpreted as further evidence of tentative steps to a society in which race per se is less critical in residential patterning. The level of integration, for Asian mixed and black mixed is different and substantially higher than for those who report one race alone. The research in this article builds on previous aggregate studies of mixed‐race individuals to show substantial patterns of integration in California's metropolitan areas.

Previous studies have shown some tendency toward increased residential racial and ethnic integration, especially in large West Coast metropolitan areas. They have also shown in limited studies that integration, or at least declines in separation, occur with increases in socioeconomic status. The results of this study, using recently released 2000 census data for metropolitan areas with large numbers of foreign born, show that indeed separation does decline with increases in socio-economic status though it also varies by geography, education, and income and is significantly variable across different ethnic groups in the large immigrant cities. The research in this study also documents the continuing hierarchy of greater integration of Whites with Asians and Whites with Hispanics than with African Americans. It is clear that the changing patterns of separation have moved beyond Black-White contexts. Still, class clearly matters, as integration is greater at higher education levels, and suburban areas in general are more integrated than urban cores.

The central question posed in this research is whether increased educational status and associated economic gains for black Americans have been translated into greater levels of residential integration in Southern California. Some recent national investigations have shown small decreases in the levels of separation for higher-status black Americans. The research in this study strengthens those findings and strongly suggests that social class differences, as measured by income and education, are important in explaining levels of separation and that when economic and educational gains do occur, these are translated into gains in residential integration.

AbstractThe goal of minority representation has been pursued at the expense of policy‐making bodies of wieldy size and electroal districts patterned after the principles of compactness, contiguity, and uniform population size. Can local redistricting plans in cosmopolitan communities respect the interests of diverse populations without succumbing to Byzantine complexity?