Suchergebnisse

Central Mediterranean migrations have led to a series of initiatives by successive Italian governments, initiatives aimed at countering the arrival in the ports of the Peninsula of boats with people rescued at sea. Two are the guidelines followed: the "outsourcing" of the migratory phenomenon's management, which began in particular through the "Memorandum of Understanding on migrants" stipulated with the government of Tripoli on 2 February 2017; and the "disengagement" with respect to Search and Rescue activities at sea, gradually limiting the direct involvement and above all discouraging these operations by NGOs, "guilty" of attracting rescued persons to the Italian jurisdiction. In 2018 and 2019, the two so called "security decrees" arrived. These decrees provide, among other things, measures to combat the phenomenon of irregular migration by sea at all costs, including through a progressive detachment from the international commitments undertaken. In this Note I would like to dwell in particular on a single aspect of the "security decree bis" (n. 53/19 converted by law n. 77 of 8 August 2019) which concerns the interpretation of the right of innocent passage in the territorial sea, an institution codified by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in Montego Bay in 1982 and ratified by Italy in 1994. ; EXPERIENCIAS EUROMEDITERRÁNEAS DE GESTIÓN DE LA GOBERNANZA MIGRATORIA La inmigración en el Mediterráneo Central ha dado lugar a una serie de iniciativas por parte de los sucesivos gobiernos italianos destinadas a contrarrestar la llegada a los puertos de la Península de embarcaciones con personas rescatadas en el mar. Dos son las directrices seguidas: la «externalización» de la gestión del fenómeno migratorio, que comenzó en particular a través del «Memorando de Entendimiento sobre los migrantes» estipulado con el gobierno de Trípoli el 2 de febrero de 2017; y la «desvinculación» con respecto a las actividades de Búsqueda y Rescate en el mar, limitando gradualmente la participación directa y sobre todo desalentando estas operaciones por parte de las ONG, «culpables» de atraer a las personas rescatadas a la jurisdicción italiana. En 2018 y 2019, llegaron los dos llamados «decretos de seguridad». Estos decretos prevén, entre otras cosas, medidas para combatir a toda costa el fenómeno de la migración irregular por mar, incluso a través de un desprendimiento progresivo de los compromisos internacionales asumidos. En esta nota me gustaría detenerme en particular en un único aspecto del «decreto de seguridad bis» (n. 53/19 convertido por la ley n. 77 del 8 de agosto de 2019) que se refiere a la interpretación del derecho de paso inocente en el mar territorial, institución codificada por la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar firmada en Montego Bay en 1982 y ratificada por Italia en 1994.

Central Mediterranean migrations have led to a series of initiatives by successive Italian governments, initiatives aimed at countering the arrival in the ports of the Peninsula of boats with people rescued at sea. Two are the guidelines followed: the "outsourcing" of the migratory phenomenon's management, which began in particular through the "Memorandum of Understanding on migrants" stipulated with the government of Tripoli on 2 February 2017; and the "disengagement" with respect to Search and Rescue activities at sea, gradually limiting the direct involvement and above all discouraging these operations by NGOs, "guilty" of attracting rescued persons to the Italian jurisdiction. In 2018 and 2019, the two so called "security decrees" arrived. These decrees provide, among other things, measures to combat the phenomenon of irregular migration by sea at all costs, including through a progressive detachment from the international commitments undertaken. In this Note I would like to dwell in particular on a single aspect of the "security decree bis" (n. 53/19 converted by law n. 77 of 8 August 2019) which concerns the interpretation of the right of innocent passage in the territorial sea, an institution codified by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in Montego Bay in 1982 and ratified by Italy in 1994.

This article analyzes the Enrica Lexie Arbitral Award, first of all, in relation to international law issues concerning the application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The article then focuses on the question of the functional immunity of the two marines, from the point of view of the Tribunal's assertion of its incidental jurisdiction to deal with the matter, as well as of the Tribunal's affirmation of the existence of a customary international law rule applicable in the present case. Both conclusions appear unconvincing, also in light of the role of the two marines on board a merchant ship. In any case, the fact remains that the judgment has the merit of finally putting an end to a long-standing dispute, to the satisfaction of the two parties involved.

La inmigración en el Mediterráneo Central ha dado lugar a una serie de iniciativas por parte de los sucesivos gobiernos italianos destinadas a contrarrestar la llegada a los puertos de la Península de embarcaciones con personas rescatadas en el mar. Dos son las directrices seguidas: la «externalización» de la gestión del fenómeno migratorio, que comenzó en particular a través del «Memorando de Entendimiento sobre los migrantes» estipulado con el gobierno de Trípoli el 2 de febrero de 2017; y la «desvinculación» con respecto a las actividades de Búsqueda y Rescate en el mar, limitando gradualmente la participación directa y sobre todo desalentando estas operaciones por parte de las ONG, «culpables» de atraer a las personas rescatadas a la jurisdicción italiana. En 2018 y 2019, llegaron los dos llamados «decretos de seguridad». Estos decretos prevén, entre otras cosas, medidas para combatir a toda costa el fenómeno de la migración irregular por mar, incluso a través de un desprendimiento progresivo de los compromisos internacionales asumidos. En esta nota me gustaría detenerme en particular en un único aspecto del «decreto de seguridad bis» (n. 53/19 convertido por la ley n. 77 del 8 de agosto de 2019) que se refiere a la interpretación del derecho de paso inocente en el mar territorial, institución codificada por la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar firmada en Montego Bay en 1982 y ratificada por Italia en 1994. ; Central Mediterranean migrations have led to a series of initiatives by successive Italian governments, initiatives aimed at countering the arrival in the ports of the Peninsula of boats with people rescued at sea. Two are the guidelines followed: the "outsourcing" of the migratory phenomenon's management, which began in particular through the "Memorandum of Understanding on migrants" stipulated with the government of Tripoli on 2 February 2017; and the "disengagement" with respect to Search and Rescue activities at sea, gradually limiting the direct involvement and above all discouraging these operations by NGOs, "guilty" of attracting rescued persons to the Italian jurisdiction.In 2018 and 2019, the two so called "security decrees" arrived. These decrees provide, among other things, measures to combat the phenomenon of irregular migration by sea at all costs, including through a progressive detachment from the international commitments undertaken.In this Note I would like to dwell in particular on a single aspect of the "security decree bis" (n. 53/19 converted by law n. 77 of 8 August 2019) which concerns the interpretation of the right of innocent passage in the territorial sea, an institution codified by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea signed in Montego Bay in 1982 and ratified by Italy in 1994.

L'essai analyse l'amour comme socialité dans l'histoire des sciences sociales, mettant en évidence sa dimension publique. Alors que la première partie est consacrée aux classiques de la sociologie, la deuxième partie se concentre sur les pensées des érudits contemporains et se termine par une proposition critique basée sur la surabounding et la priorité du bénéfice des autres. L'article montre comment l'amour est un ruisseau d'eau karstique qui depuis des décennies a traversé la réflexion sociologique, parfois coulant sous terre, mais souvent à la surface comme élément fondamental dans la vie sociale publique.

Littering in a city park is often considered a capricious act of neglect associated with simple carelessness. Using Ostrom's model, Governing the Commons, this research finds that littering is correlated with specific park activities. This article advances our understanding of the Commons and littering by considering the concept of "pollution," as well as understanding patterns of litter for a communal city. I argue that among the variety of park activities, there are "nonlitter" activities that require little more than the husbandry of local communal governance and there are "litter" activities that require the additional husbandry of the state. However, additional empirical evidence was also discovered that there are instances where the abuse of common resources is socially structured and that there is, on occasion, a normative structure to norm–violating behavior.

The debate on the existence of universal human rights is always alive and involves not only the international law regime but also the enforcement of national laws as well as the relationship between cultural diversity and protection of human rights. It is a fact that not all the principles on human rights included in the major conventions and international acts on human rights come under the same regime, and so the idea of a distinction between conditional human rights rules and absolute human rights rules is not alien to the international mechanism sal, and for this reason its affirmation depends on the degree of acceptance of its principles. This acceptance has so far been much wider than one could imagine. Although it originally represented the point of view mainly of Western countries, the Universal Declaration has been successful as it immediately sought to give precise content to the commitments solemnly made by State with the approval of the United Nations Charter.

13 p. ; El presente trabajo invita al lector a hacer un recorrido por la historia de la política electoral colombiana. Retomamos las teorías clásicas sobre la conformación de los sistemas electorales –Sartori-, para analizar el proceso de transformación que sufrió Colombia desde finales de la década de 1950 hasta la reforma constitucional del año 2003. Entendemos que estas reformas fueron el marco que permitieron el paso de un bipartidismo a un multipartidismo moderado. El análisis de la Constitución de 1991 nos permite dar cuenta de las diferentes disrupciones sociales que se sucedieron en el campo social y político de dicho país. En este sentido, focalizaremos el análisis en el proceso de configuración de los nuevos actores políticos relevantes, como los movimientos sociales y los movimientos antisistema y, a la vez, su relación con los partidos dominantes. --