Suchergebnisse

Indian policy makers have a decisive role to play in capturing the beneficial potential implicit in their country's demographic trajectory.

This article analyzes public opinion data on environmental issues collected in two major surveys. The data reveal substantial concern about the environment in both developing and industrial countries along with perceptions that the quality of the environment has declined and will continue to decline. Developing country respondents rate local and national environmental quality lower than industrial country respondents, while both groups rate global environmental quality about the same. The data also reveal considerable willingness among the developing and industrial countries to accept responsibility for the world's environmental problems and recognition of the importance of governments in addressing local and national environmental issues and of strong international agencies in addressing transnational issues.

Introduction -- The stylized facts -- Empirical evidence on the economic effects of automation -- A simple macroeconomic framework for analyzing automation -- Endogenous savings and extensions of the baseline model -- Automation as a potential response to the challenges of demographic change -- Policy challenges -- Peering into the future: long-run economic and social consequences of automation; with an epilogue on COVID-19.

Developing countries are increasingly aware of the need to design and implement improvements in public systems for providing pensions to the elderly. Such systems may aim to smooth consumption and thus provide reliable income to older people, reduce poverty among the elderly, insure those no longer working against the risk of running out of funds, and promote equal treatment of men and women in retirement security even when lifetime earnings and projected average life expectancy may differ greatly. The increasing share of the elderly in the population of all countries makes implementation of sustainable pension systems both more urgent and more difficult. Planners must consider numerous options in pension system design and choose the combination of policies that will optimize coverage, benefits, and financing given a country's demographics, history, practices regarding family support of the elderly, political system, extent of informal labour, and fiscal situation.