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National audience ; This article examines the modalities of the constitution of online audiences, with a focus on strategic uses of hypertext links in the framework of online collective action. Hypertext links are seen as mechanisms facilitating the translation of a shared interest in a theme, into a collective activity targeting common goals. This study, drawing its inspiration from the literature on online mobilization and "link studies", is based on fieldwork in which the methodological approach combines statistical analysis, content analysis and mapping of the Web. It shows that strategic uses of links have a structuring effect on action and are found during the mobilization of a collective, the course of the action itself, and the creation of a public space around an arena. ; Les littératures académiques française et anglophone se sont intéressées à la question de l'action collective en ligne en accordant une attention particulière à l'évolution des formes de l'engagement, aux mutations des organisations militantes, ou encore à la production et la diffusion de contenus médiatiques alternatifs. La question de la structuration de publics en ligne, à travers l'étude des mécanismes facilitant la traduction d'un intérêt partagé pour une thématique, en une activité collective ayant pour but d'atteindre des objectifs spécifiques, semble avoir fait l'objet d'une attention plus disparate. C'est de ce sujet que se propose de traiter cet article, en se focalisant sur une dimension bien précise des actions collectives sur internet : les usages stratégiques de liens hypertextes au sein des pratiques de mobilisation. S'inspirant à la fois des apports de la littérature sur les pratiques politiques en ligne et des " link studies ", cette étude repose sur un travail d'enquête s'appuyant sur un dispositif méthodologique qui articule étude statistique, analyse de contenu et " cartographie " du web. Elle démontre que les usages stratégiques du lien ont un effet structurant sur l'action et interviennent à la fois lors de la ...

The Lisbon Treaty introduces a new form of participation at the European level: the Citizens' initiative, which allows one million citizens who fulfill a petition to call on the Commission to propose a legal act on a specific issue. Before this right came into force in April 2012, the European Commission ran a consultation, from November 2009 to January 2010, in order to define the procedure and the conditions required for such initiatives to work in practice. This consultation was hosted on the portal Your Voice in Europe, a website which has been used since the early 2000s by the Directorates-General in order to allow stakeholders to contribute to the drafting of legal acts. In comparison to most of online participative experiences at the EU level, Your Voice in Europe differs in several respects. It is rather a policy instrument that an e-participation tool: it is institutionalized and the consultations carried out on the platform have to respect strict rules. The link between the consultations and the legislative process is, if not binding, at least defined legally: the consultations have thus "potentially" a strong impact on the decision. Lastly, the platform does not provide any discursive area where participants could exchange and build common proposals. This implies that it does not foster the emergence of European publics around key issues, and neither does it promote a transnational political identity, as most e-participation experiences attempt to do. This case study is thus useful to evaluate to what extent a policy instrument that is open to the general public can promote the participation of "ordinary" citizens. In order to measure this link we will first focus on the impact of the consultation on the final decision, by assessing the features that enable the participants to be heard by the Commission. We will argue that the strategy of the consultation managers can be more decisive than the legal status of the mechanism. We will then focus on the inclusion issue: what are the conditions that must ...

The Lisbon Treaty introduces a new form of participation at the European level: the Citizens' initiative, which allows one million citizens who fulfill a petition to call on the Commission to propose a legal act on a specific issue. Before this right came into force in April 2012, the European Commission ran a consultation, from November 2009 to January 2010, in order to define the procedure and the conditions required for such initiatives to work in practice. This consultation was hosted on the portal Your Voice in Europe, a website which has been used since the early 2000s by the Directorates-General in order to allow stakeholders to contribute to the drafting of legal acts. In comparison to most of online participative experiences at the EU level, Your Voice in Europe differs in several respects. It is rather a policy instrument that an e-participation tool: it is institutionalized and the consultations carried out on the platform have to respect strict rules. The link between the consultations and the legislative process is, if not binding, at least defined legally: the consultations have thus "potentially" a strong impact on the decision. Lastly, the platform does not provide any discursive area where participants could exchange and build common proposals. This implies that it does not foster the emergence of European publics around key issues, and neither does it promote a transnational political identity, as most e-participation experiences attempt to do. This case study is thus useful to evaluate to what extent a policy instrument that is open to the general public can promote the participation of "ordinary" citizens. In order to measure this link we will first focus on the impact of the consultation on the final decision, by assessing the features that enable the participants to be heard by the Commission. We will argue that the strategy of the consultation managers can be more decisive than the legal status of the mechanism. We will then focus on the inclusion issue: what are the conditions that must ...

Pour faire face au "déficit démocratique" qui affecte la légitimité des institutions européennes, la Commission de José Manuel Barroso entreprend à partir de 2005 une refonte des mécanismes de communication institutionnelle. Parmi les différents outils et instruments mobilisés dans ce cadre, internet est perçu comme un espace à investir en priorité, et en quelques mois, un grand nombre de dispositifs participatifs sont mis en ligne. Les services de la Commission postulent qu'au sein de ces sites participatifs vont se constituer des publics transnationaux à même de régénérer une citoyenneté européenne éprouvée non pas uniquement dans sa dimension civile, mais dans sa dimension politique. Dans cet article, nous étudions une expérience conduite en 2009 intitulée "Consultation Européenne des Citoyens" en cherchant à comprendre comment la Commission entend "produire" des publics européens sur internet. Nous analysons d'abord la phase de conception de cette plateforme afin de montrer comment celle-ci incarne un modèle spécifique de médiation entre citoyens, et entre citoyens et décideurs. Nous observons ensuite les types de publics participants, leurs stratégies et leurs pratiques, en accordant une importance particulière aux formes de mobilisation autour de ces dispositifs afin de suivre la construction d'actions collectives européennes sur internet.

The Lisbon Treaty introduces a new form of participation at the European level: the Citizens' initiative, which allows one million citizens who fulfill a petition to call on the Commission to propose a legal act on a specific issue. Before this right came into force in April 2012, the European Commission ran a consultation, from November 2009 to January 2010, in order to define the procedure and the conditions required for such initiatives to work in practice. This consultation was hosted on the portal Your Voice in Europe, a website which has been used since the early 2000s by the Directorates-General in order to allow stakeholders to contribute to the drafting of legal acts. In comparison to most of online participative experiences at the EU level, Your Voice in Europe differs in several respects. It is rather a policy instrument that an e-participation tool: it is institutionalized and the consultations carried out on the platform have to respect strict rules. The link between the consultations and the legislative process is, if not binding, at least defined legally: the consultations have thus "potentially" a strong impact on the decision. Lastly, the platform does not provide any discursive area where participants could exchange and build common proposals. This implies that it does not foster the emergence of European publics around key issues, and neither does it promote a transnational political identity, as most e-participation experiences attempt to do. This case study is thus useful to evaluate to what extent a policy instrument that is open to the general public can promote the participation of "ordinary" citizens. In order to measure this link we will first focus on the impact of the consultation on the final decision, by assessing the features that enable the participants to be heard by the Commission. We will argue that the strategy of the consultation managers can be more decisive than the legal status of the mechanism. We will then focus on the inclusion issue: what are the conditions that must ...

Pour faire face au "déficit démocratique" qui affecte la légitimité des institutions européennes, la Commission de José Manuel Barroso entreprend à partir de 2005 une refonte des mécanismes de communication institutionnelle. Parmi les différents outils et instruments mobilisés dans ce cadre, internet est perçu comme un espace à investir en priorité, et en quelques mois, un grand nombre de dispositifs participatifs sont mis en ligne. Les services de la Commission postulent qu'au sein de ces sites participatifs vont se constituer des publics transnationaux à même de régénérer une citoyenneté européenne éprouvée non pas uniquement dans sa dimension civile, mais dans sa dimension politique. Dans cet article, nous étudions une expérience conduite en 2009 intitulée "Consultation Européenne des Citoyens" en cherchant à comprendre comment la Commission entend "produire" des publics européens sur internet. Nous analysons d'abord la phase de conception de cette plateforme afin de montrer comment celle-ci incarne un modèle spécifique de médiation entre citoyens, et entre citoyens et décideurs. Nous observons ensuite les types de publics participants, leurs stratégies et leurs pratiques, en accordant une importance particulière aux formes de mobilisation autour de ces dispositifs afin de suivre la construction d'actions collectives européennes sur internet.

Pour faire face au "déficit démocratique" qui affecte la légitimité des institutions européennes, la Commission de José Manuel Barroso entreprend à partir de 2005 une refonte des mécanismes de communication institutionnelle. Parmi les différents outils et instruments mobilisés dans ce cadre, internet est perçu comme un espace à investir en priorité, et en quelques mois, un grand nombre de dispositifs participatifs sont mis en ligne. Les services de la Commission postulent qu'au sein de ces sites participatifs vont se constituer des publics transnationaux à même de régénérer une citoyenneté européenne éprouvée non pas uniquement dans sa dimension civile, mais dans sa dimension politique. Dans cet article, nous étudions une expérience conduite en 2009 intitulée "Consultation Européenne des Citoyens" en cherchant à comprendre comment la Commission entend "produire" des publics européens sur internet. Nous analysons d'abord la phase de conception de cette plateforme afin de montrer comment celle-ci incarne un modèle spécifique de médiation entre citoyens, et entre citoyens et décideurs. Nous observons ensuite les types de publics participants, leurs stratégies et leurs pratiques, en accordant une importance particulière aux formes de mobilisation autour de ces dispositifs afin de suivre la construction d'actions collectives européennes sur internet.

The Lisbon Treaty introduces a new form of participation at the European level: the Citizens' initiative, which allows one million citizens who fulfill a petition to call on the Commission to propose a legal act on a specific issue. Before this right came into force in April 2012, the European Commission ran a consultation, from November 2009 to January 2010, in order to define the procedure and the conditions required for such initiatives to work in practice. This consultation was hosted on the portal Your Voice in Europe, a website which has been used since the early 2000s by the Directorates-General in order to allow stakeholders to contribute to the drafting of legal acts. In comparison to most of online participative experiences at the EU level, Your Voice in Europe differs in several respects. It is rather a policy instrument that an e-participation tool: it is institutionalized and the consultations carried out on the platform have to respect strict rules. The link between the consultations and the legislative process is, if not binding, at least defined legally: the consultations have thus "potentially" a strong impact on the decision. Lastly, the platform does not provide any discursive area where participants could exchange and build common proposals. This implies that it does not foster the emergence of European publics around key issues, and neither does it promote a transnational political identity, as most e-participation experiences attempt to do. This case study is thus useful to evaluate to what extent a policy instrument that is open to the general public can promote the participation of "ordinary" citizens. In order to measure this link we will first focus on the impact of the consultation on the final decision, by assessing the features that enable the participants to be heard by the Commission. We will argue that the strategy of the consultation managers can be more decisive than the legal status of the mechanism. We will then focus on the inclusion issue: what are the conditions that must ...

National audience ; Alors que les techniques de " cartographie " du web connaissent aujourd'hui un franc succès, cet article se propose d'interroger leurs apports et limites méthodologiques pour des travaux portant sur l'analyse de dynamiques politiques et communicationnelles en ligne. Nous explicitons dans un premier temps les principes qui sous-tendent la production de ces graphes, avant de les mettre à l'épreuve dans le cadre d'une recherche s'intéressant aux modalités de constitution de publics en ligne dans le contexte d'une consultation européenne.

National audience ; Alors que les techniques de " cartographie " du web connaissent aujourd'hui un franc succès, cet article se propose d'interroger leurs apports et limites méthodologiques pour des travaux portant sur l'analyse de dynamiques politiques et communicationnelles en ligne. Nous explicitons dans un premier temps les principes qui sous-tendent la production de ces graphes, avant de les mettre à l'épreuve dans le cadre d'une recherche s'intéressant aux modalités de constitution de publics en ligne dans le contexte d'une consultation européenne.

National audience ; Alors que les techniques de " cartographie " du web connaissent aujourd'hui un franc succès, cet article se propose d'interroger leurs apports et limites méthodologiques pour des travaux portant sur l'analyse de dynamiques politiques et communicationnelles en ligne. Nous explicitons dans un premier temps les principes qui sous-tendent la production de ces graphes, avant de les mettre à l'épreuve dans le cadre d'une recherche s'intéressant aux modalités de constitution de publics en ligne dans le contexte d'une consultation européenne.

Since the early 2000's, the European Institutions have set up several eParticipation projects. These projects are embedded in different political strategies and are managed by different actors within the institutions. This leads to a wide variety of projects and prevents the European Union to develop a single and concerted strategy in terms of online participation.This paper intends to compare two different models of online consultation : the Commission consultations hosted on the site Your Voice in Europe, and the European Citizens' Consultation 2009. The paper tackles three main subjects : the institutional strategies which frame these sites; the actors that they mobilize; their main and collateral effects. The goal of this synthesis is to identify some key features that fit to the european context, in order to assess the possibilities of sustainability of such political experiments.

Since the early 2000's, the European Institutions have set up several eParticipation projects. These projects are embedded in different political strategies and are managed by different actors within the institutions. This leads to a wide variety of projects and prevents the European Union to develop a single and concerted strategy in terms of online participation.This paper intends to compare two different models of online consultation : the Commission consultations hosted on the site Your Voice in Europe, and the European Citizens' Consultation 2009. The paper tackles three main subjects : the institutional strategies which frame these sites; the actors that they mobilize; their main and collateral effects. The goal of this synthesis is to identify some key features that fit to the european context, in order to assess the possibilities of sustainability of such political experiments.