Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Contents -- List of tables -- List of figures -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on the contributors -- Glossary and abbreviations -- Part I: Overview -- 1 The structure and development of the defence-industry complex -- Part II: The formative phase -- 2 The 'war scare' of 1927 and the birth of the defence-industry complex -- 3 The Red Army and economic planning, 1925-40 -- 4 Defence spending and defence industry in the 1930s -- Part III: The war and the postwar period -- 5 Wartime mobilisation: a German comparison -- 6 New postwar branches (1): rocketry -- 7 New postwar branches (2): the nuclear industry -- Part IV: The defence-industry complex and society -- 8 The defence-industry complex in Leningrad (1): the interwar period -- 9 The defence-industry complex in Leningrad (2): the postwar uranium industry -- 10 Krasnoiarsk-26: a closed city of the defence-industry complex -- Part V: Regulation and control -- 11 Mobpodgotovka: mobilisation planning in interwar industry -- 12 Voenpriemka: prices, costs, and quality assurance in interwar defence industry -- 13 The security organs and the defence-industry complex -- References -- Index.

The proportion of infected vectors which are able to transmit an arbovirus to a susceptible host has a significant impact on the epidemic potential of such a virus. Assessing vector competence is therefore crucial to evaluate accurately the risk posed by such a disease to any non-endemic region. The vector competence of various Culicoides species in Scotland for bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) was assessed by a pad-feeding technique, and a high-throughput virus extraction and isolation procedure. This was coupled with a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify members of the Culicoides Obsoletus complex to species level. These results are compared with vector competence results of further Culicoides Obsoletus in South-East England assessed by the same method. A very low level of competence for this strain was detected in all Culicoides species tested, similar to that described for this strain in C. imicola originating from both Corsica and the Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute in South Africa. The implications of this are discussed in relation to future studies and also with regard to wider aspects of orbivirus transmission in the European Union. (Texte intégral)

BACKGROUND: Without an effective vaccine, as was the case early in the 2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa, disease control depends entirely on interrupting transmission through early disease detection and prompt patient isolation. Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFI) are a potential supplement to centralized reference laboratory testing for the early diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). The goal of this study was to assess the performance of commercially available simple and rapid antigen detection LFIs, submitted for review to the WHO via the Emergency Use Assessment and Listing procedure. The study was performed in an Ebola Treatment Centre laboratory involved in EVD testing in Sierra Leone. In light of the current Ebola outbreak in May 2018 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which highlights the lack of clarity in the global health community about appropriate Ebola diagnostics, our findings are increasingly critical. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess comparative performance of four LFIs for detecting EVD. LFIs were assessed against the same 328 plasma samples and 100 whole EDTA blood samples, using the altona RealStar Filovirus Screen real-time RT-PCR as the bench mark assay. The performance of the Public Health England (PHE) in-house Zaire ebolavirus-specific real time RT-PCR Trombley assay was concurrently assessed. Statistical analysis using generalized estimating equations was conducted to compare LFI performance. FINDINGS: Sensitivity and specificity varied between the LFIs, with specificity found to be significantly higher for whole EDTA blood samples compared to plasma samples in at least 2 LFIs (P≤0.003). Using the altona RT-PCR assay as the bench mark, sensitivities on plasma samples ranged from 79.53% (101/127, 95% CI: 71.46-86.17%) for the DEDIATEST EBOLA (SD Biosensor) to 98.43% (125/127, 95% CI: 94.43-99.81%) for the One step Ebola test (Intec). Specificities ranged from 80.20% (158/197, 95% CI: 74.07-88.60%) for plasma samples using the ReEBOV Antigen test Kit ...