Suchergebnisse

Education is unavoidable for the survival of humans being. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), Islamabad, is one of the institutions which plays an effective role in the cause of education. The objective of the study is to see the perception and level of satisfaction of the students and Resource Persons (RPs) about the online workshop offered by the AIOU for the Spring Semester 2020 (SS-2020). Data was collected through questionnaires. The population consists of B.Ed (Bachelor of Education) students and RPs who have conducted the online workshop. A sample of 300 students, including 200 male, 100 female students and 20 RPs, were chosen for the study. A convenient sampling technique was applied to the study. The study was a descriptive quantitative in nature. The data were analyzed by applying percentages. Results revealed that the majority of the students and RPs were satisfied with the online workshop as it provided an inclusive environment of learning and supported their learning. It shows that online workshop plays a momentous role in the delivery of education. The study in hand was significant for the teachers and students of AIOU.

Education is unavoidable for the survival of humans being. Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU), Islamabad, is one of the institutions which plays an effective role in the cause of education. The objective of the study is to see the perception and level of satisfaction of the students and Resource Persons (RPs) about the online workshop offered by the AIOU for the Spring Semester 2020 (SS-2020). Data was collected through questionnaires. The population consists of B.Ed (Bachelor of Education) students and RPs who have conducted the online workshop. A sample of 300 students, including 200 male, 100 female students and 20 RPs, were chosen for the study. A convenient sampling technique was applied to the study. The study was a descriptive quantitative in nature. The data were analyzed by applying percentages. Results revealed that the majority of the students and RPs were satisfied with the online workshop as it provided an inclusive environment of learning and supported their learning. It shows that online workshop plays a momentous role in the delivery of education. The study in hand was significant for the teachers and students of AIOU.

The current research paper aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training of teachers' performance conducted under JICA, GTZ, and PITE, A case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The survey research design was applied as per the nature of the study. A sample of 114 JICA-trained teachers, 379 GTZ-trained teachers, and 760 PITE-trained teachers was chosen. The size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) sample table. The researcher used the stratified sampling method. A questionnaire was developed on a five-point Likert scale including five dimensions of training, i.e., objectives, organization and easiness of training content, expertise of trainer, participation level of trainees, and facilities provided by three organizations. Content validation was completed through experts' judgment, whereas the reliability of research too was measured through Cronbach's Alpha, which was estimated at 0.793. The researcher personally administered the questionnaire to the respondents and considered the researcher while gathering data from the teachers. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. The key findings of the study reveal that teachers who received training are satisfied with the accompaniment of objectives, organization, and easiness of training content, the expertise of trainers, the participation level of trainees, and facilities provided by three organizations. The study recommended that the Government of KP developed a flow-up mechanism for such teachers to improve the professional skills of the teachers.

This article locates the reorganization of work relations in the apparel sector in Pakistan, after the end of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) quota regime, within the context of a global production network (GPN). We examine the role of a network of corporate, state, multilateral and civil society actors who serve as intermediaries in GPN governance. These intermediaries transmit and translate competitive pressures and invoke varied, sometimes contradictory, imaginaries in their efforts to realign and stabilize the GPN. We analyse the post-MFA restructuring of Pakistan's apparel sector, which dramatically increased price competition and precipitated a contested adjustment process among Pakistani and global actors with divergent priorities and resources. These intermediaries converged on a 'solution' that combined and enacted imaginaries of modernization, competitiveness, professional management and female empowerment, while also emphasizing low costs and female docility. We highlight the intersection of economic, political and cultural dynamics of GPNs, and reveal the gendered dimensions of GPN restructuring. We theorize the role of these actors as a transnational managerial elite in GPN governance, who led a restructuring process that preserved the hegemonic stability of the GPN and protected the interests of western branded apparel companies and consumers, but did not necessarily serve the interests of workers.

International audience ; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used in many military and civil applications while their use along wireless sensors is emerging abruptly as it upgrades the network in terms of reliability, lifetime, and connectivity. The system performance and throughput can be further enhanced if the UAVs in use are capable to locate ground sensor nodes as a means to address them smartly. In typically localization, the direction of arrival of incoming signals from a target node is measured by using a uniformed linear array (ULA) of antennas having signal processing capabilities. However, adding numerous antennas (transmitter receivers set) on a UAV is an extra burden which ultimately effects its speed, flight time, agility, and payload capacity. Considering the issue, a typical ULA antenna system is modeled by using virtual phased array (VPA) antenna. In the proposed VPA, a single antenna installed on a moving UAV will achieve the desire results. The well-known multiple signal classification algorithm is modified to adapt this virtual antenna system. Four extra modules including calibrator, virtual antenna, rectifier, and adjustment are added in classical multiple signal classification algorithm to make it enable to work with single antenna. The proposed system mitigates the existing challenges of physical ULA and improves system throughput. Furthermore, due to its virtualness, VPA can adjust the number of antenna elements and interelement spacing, which adds multifrequency support and adaptive precision mechanism. A simulation model is developed in MATLAB to verify the performance of the VPA where the proposed system is evaluated against different scenarios with a varying number of parameters. It is found that VPA gives the same resolution and precision as a physical ULA antenna but it is more flexible, user-friendly, cost-effective, reliable, and most importantly, does not affect the UAV characteristics.

International audience ; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used in many military and civil applications while their use along wireless sensors is emerging abruptly as it upgrades the network in terms of reliability, lifetime, and connectivity. The system performance and throughput can be further enhanced if the UAVs in use are capable to locate ground sensor nodes as a means to address them smartly. In typically localization, the direction of arrival of incoming signals from a target node is measured by using a uniformed linear array (ULA) of antennas having signal processing capabilities. However, adding numerous antennas (transmitter receivers set) on a UAV is an extra burden which ultimately effects its speed, flight time, agility, and payload capacity. Considering the issue, a typical ULA antenna system is modeled by using virtual phased array (VPA) antenna. In the proposed VPA, a single antenna installed on a moving UAV will achieve the desire results. The well-known multiple signal classification algorithm is modified to adapt this virtual antenna system. Four extra modules including calibrator, virtual antenna, rectifier, and adjustment are added in classical multiple signal classification algorithm to make it enable to work with single antenna. The proposed system mitigates the existing challenges of physical ULA and improves system throughput. Furthermore, due to its virtualness, VPA can adjust the number of antenna elements and interelement spacing, which adds multifrequency support and adaptive precision mechanism. A simulation model is developed in MATLAB to verify the performance of the VPA where the proposed system is evaluated against different scenarios with a varying number of parameters. It is found that VPA gives the same resolution and precision as a physical ULA antenna but it is more flexible, user-friendly, cost-effective, reliable, and most importantly, does not affect the UAV characteristics.

International audience ; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used in many military and civil applications while their use along wireless sensors is emerging abruptly as it upgrades the network in terms of reliability, lifetime, and connectivity. The system performance and throughput can be further enhanced if the UAVs in use are capable to locate ground sensor nodes as a means to address them smartly. In typically localization, the direction of arrival of incoming signals from a target node is measured by using a uniformed linear array (ULA) of antennas having signal processing capabilities. However, adding numerous antennas (transmitter receivers set) on a UAV is an extra burden which ultimately effects its speed, flight time, agility, and payload capacity. Considering the issue, a typical ULA antenna system is modeled by using virtual phased array (VPA) antenna. In the proposed VPA, a single antenna installed on a moving UAV will achieve the desire results. The well-known multiple signal classification algorithm is modified to adapt this virtual antenna system. Four extra modules including calibrator, virtual antenna, rectifier, and adjustment are added in classical multiple signal classification algorithm to make it enable to work with single antenna. The proposed system mitigates the existing challenges of physical ULA and improves system throughput. Furthermore, due to its virtualness, VPA can adjust the number of antenna elements and interelement spacing, which adds multifrequency support and adaptive precision mechanism. A simulation model is developed in MATLAB to verify the performance of the VPA where the proposed system is evaluated against different scenarios with a varying number of parameters. It is found that VPA gives the same resolution and precision as a physical ULA antenna but it is more flexible, user-friendly, cost-effective, reliable, and most importantly, does not affect the UAV characteristics.

AbstractIn the last few decades, rising prices of agricultural commodities have been an area of concern for most countries owing to high population growth, increased unemployment, and per capita food needs. The current study intends to examine the positive and negative shocks of agricultural product prices, credit disbursement, and the labor force's impact on the agricultural growth of Pakistan. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) method was applied using secondary data sources from 1970 to 2018. The results revealed that positive and negative price shocks contribute positively to agriculture growth; however, positive price shock has a more stimulating effect than negative prices. Furthermore, credit disbursement and labor force significantly positively impact agricultural value added in the short and long run. Finally, the study's findings have far-reaching consequences for policymakers dealing with Pakistan's asymmetric relationship between agricultural credit disbursement, commodity prices, and agricultural growth.