Suchergebnisse

In the present work, the radioactivity of ten soil specimens has been measured, which were gathered from various sites from AL-Taimeem area in Al-Anbar province, The qualitative activity of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K for soil specimens were evaluated by utilizing gamma-ray spectroscopy with NaI(Tl) detector of (3"×3") dimension. The results revealed that, the qualitative activity, for 238U was varied from (14.730 Bq/kg) to (28.070 Bq/kg), for 232Th was varied from (16.510 Bq/kg) to (29.480 Bq/kg), for 40K was varied from (143.820 Bq/kg) to (231.550 Bq/kg) ,with an average values of (21.152±2.98 Bq/kg) , (24.219±3.93 Bq/kg), (190.720±22.20 Bq/kg), successively. To survey the radiological peril in soil, radium effective activity, absorbed gamma dose in air, annual effective dose equivalent (inner and outer), gamma concentration level index and both (interior and exterior) radiation peril index have been computed, and all the existed results were less than recommended by the International Committee for the Radiation Protection (ICRP).

The iron and steel industry is still dependent on fossil coking coal. About 70% of the total steel production relies directly on fossil coal and coke inputs. Therefore, steel production contributes by ~7% of the global CO2 emission. The reduction of CO2 emission has been given highest priority by the iron- and steel-making sector due to the commitment of governments to mitigate CO2 emission according to Kyoto protocol. Utilization of auxiliary carbonaceous materials in the blast furnace and other iron-making technologies is one of the most efficient options to reduce the coke consumption and, consequently, the CO2 emission. The present review gives an insight of the trends in the applications of auxiliary carbon-bearing material in iron-making processes. Partial substitution of top charged coke by nut coke, lump charcoal, or carbon composite agglomerates were found to not only decrease the dependency on virgin fossil carbon, but also improve the blast furnace performance and increase the productivity. Partial or complete substitution of pulverized coal by waste plastics or renewable carbon-bearing materials like waste plastics or biomass help in mitigating the CO2 emission due to its high H2 content compared to fossil carbon. Injecting such reactive materials results in improved combustion and reduced coke consumption. Moreover, utilization of integrated steel plant fines and gases becomes necessary to achieve profitability to steel mill operation from both economic and environmental aspects. Recycling of such results in recovering the valuable components and thereby decrease the energy consumption and the need of landfills at the steel plants as well as reduce the consumption of virgin materials and reduce CO2 emission. On the other hand, developed technologies for iron-making rather than blast furnace opens a window and provide a good opportunity to utilize auxiliary carbon-bearing materials that are difficult to utilize in conventional blast furnace iron-making.

AN INTRINSIC RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODERN SRI LANKAN STATE AND ITS SECURITY FORCES, INCLUDING THE MILITARY. THIS IS REFLECTED NOT ONLY IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE SECURITY FORCES AS AN INSTITUTION BUT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATION'S "SECURITE PROBLEMATIQUE." THE TWO, TAKEN TOGETHER, HAVE PRODUCED A MODEL OF SECURITY DEDICATED TO THE HEGEMONY OF THE MAJORITY BUDDHIST-SINHALA COMMUNITY. THIS SECURITY MODEL HAS NOT ONLY ALIENATED THE "MINORITIES" - PARTICULARLY THE HINDU-TAMILS - BUT ALSO MILITARIZED THE SOCIETY AND ITS APPROACH TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION.

AbstractThe idea of bringing democratization at the workplace has been present in management literature for decades. Literature has witnessed an increased interest of researchers on this topic, especially after the 2003 Academy of Management Annual Meeting conference having the theme "Democracy in a Knowledge Economy," and August 2004 special issue of the Academy of Management Executive: "Democracy in and around Organizations." To further explore this underpinned concept, the present study aims to refine and develop the organizational democracy construct. Using in-depth literature analysis published in last three decades on organizational democracy, ten dimensions (freedom, fairness, integrity, tolerance, shared responsibility, structure, transparency, knowledge sharing, accountability, and learning environment) were identified, leading to the development of its conceptual framework. By deploying established scale development procedures, the organizational democracy scale was developed, refined, and validated. The new organizational democracy scale consists of forty-five items consistent with theory and practice. The scale will assist future researchers and industrial practitioners in a deeper exploration of this construct and organizational managers for establishing, assessing, and improving democratic practices at their workplaces.

AbstractDue to the Somali Civil War of 1991, more than 10,000 Somali refugees resettled in Kebribeyah, a town in the Somali region of Ethiopia. For nearly three decades, the local and resettled refugee communities shared the resources the region had to offer, adopted a new common cultural norm, and fostered some levels of social cohesions. It is the education sector, however, that caused social conflicts and hatred between resettled Somalis and the native Somali-Ethiopians. Currently, the education of Somali refugee children is funded by various international organizations, such as the United Nations. On the contrary, the local Somali-Ethiopian children pay their way to schools which leads to poor educational experiences. Using autoethnography as the research method, this article examines the formation of educational gaps between the local and refugee children. Findings suggest that educational inequality can exist between refugee and host communities, if not properly managed, and can ultimately impact social cohesion and stability in the refugee-hosting regions.

Background: Bronchial asthma is a widespread chronic airway inflammatory disease, and it is characterized by paroxysmal or continual respiratory manifestations and airway airflow limitations. Accordingly, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact on quality of life including daily living activities come into views to be highly misjudged, especially in patients who have not been admitted to the hospital. Aim: To find out relationship between health locus of control and daily living activities among adult patients with bronchial asthma during Covid 19 Pandemic at Port- said city in Egypt. Subject and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 230 adult patients from both sex with bronchial asthma attend medical chest clinics in Alsalam, Por – fouad, Algawhara governmental hospital at Port-said city, Egypt responded to the self-administered survey and excluded patients with co- morbid diseases and were refused to participate in the study using self-administered survey divided into three main parts. First part consist of 8 items related to demographic data, second part: Patient's knowledge regarding bronchial Asthma adapted from Williams., 2005, third part: it adapted from Putman., 2004 to assess the effect of covid 19 on bronchial asthma patient's daily living activities and locus of control. Results: there are a statistically significant relation between total scores of locus of asthma control and smoking pattern ps= (o, oo3) with total Mean scores and SD 28.52 ± 4.43. Also, there are a positive correlation between total daily living activities scores and total locus of control among patients with Bronchial Asthma. Finally, there are a statistically significant relation between total daily living activities scores and Bronchial Asthma patients and their socio-demographic characteristics only in the items related to patient's residence Ps=( 0.082) . Conclusion: Patient with Bronchial Asthma need for receive regular; periodic in-service coping program contains methods of adherence ...

The process of maintenance and rehabilitation of archaeological buildings play an important and vital role in preserving the human heritage from exhaustion to remain an essential and indispensable milestone through its interaction with the community in addition to the economic aspect gained from its reinvestment. Developed countries have realized that, the best way to preserve the historic building and prolonging its life alongside maintenance, is by its rehabilitation by providing a new function that ensures its survival and continuity, with taking in consideration not to damage or change its historical value and privacy and that the new function be harmony and consistent with the cultural nature of the architectural building and its structure and ,and consist with the conditions of Venice agreement 1964.The re-employment of archaeological buildings and areas are considered the best solutions that balance between the needs of urban growth, and estate development and economic benefit, ,therefore the process of rehiring is important for both the building itself or for the urban environment and the general nature of the city it contains. Rehabilitation and functionality of buildings and archaeological areas are to preserve them from damage is what must be the top priority of governments, archaeological and tourist organizations .The research discusses the problems associated with the damage caused by leaving the buildings without rehabilitation and usage, and the possibility of developing an effective strategy for the rehabilitation and employment of architectural monuments that harmony with contemporary reality ,and try to meet future challenges in protecting them from natural and human damage. The problem discussed in the research is about the Insufficient research attention and lack of maximum benefit from research studies dealing with the rehabilitation, investment and preservation of architectural monuments and their preservation from damage factors and The research aims to Highlighting the need to rehabilitate, invest and preserve architectural monuments from damage factors, Establishment of general objectives for restoration and rehabilitation processes that must be applied to architectural heritage and - Highlighting some experiences in Rehired buildings and determination the resulting pros and cons. The importance of research lies in studying the different policies for the rehabilitation and investment of architectural artifacts and Development of a strategic framework for the protection and preservation of architectural heritage through rehabilitation and investment , The research used the descriptive method , The most important results obtained, The erroneous choice of new recruitment of archaeological buildings damages its architectural value and accelerates its deterioration , Repurpose the architectural heritage as a way to revive traditional crafts, Repurpose is the most important strategy of architectural heritage preservation techniques, Analysis of successful experiments leads to the development of preserving architectural heritage and transferring experience to successive generations , The human plays a major role in the destruction of archaeological possessions as a result of low awareness about the importance of heritage