Suchergebnisse

Ajuts : This study was funded by the Department of Territory and Sus-tainability of the Government of Catalonia through the project"Research and innovation on the control and the restoration ofextractive activities. ; The use of Technosols for the restoration of limestone quarries overcomes the usual "in situ" scarcity of soil and/or its poor quality. The use of mine spoils, improved with mineral and/or organic amendments, could be an efficient and environmentally friendly option. Properly treated sewage sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants could be a suitable organic amendment and fertilizer (rich in N and P) whenever its pollutant burden is low (heavy metals and/or organic pollutants). Its appropriate use could improve essential soil physical and chemical properties and, therefore, promote key ecosystem services of restored areas, such as biomass production and carbon sequestration, as well as biodiversity and landscape recovery. However, the mid-term impacts of these restoration practices on soil functioning and their services have rarely been reported in the available literature. In this study we assess the mid-term effects (10 years) of the use of sewage sludge as a Technosol amendment on soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrient status, and plant development in several restored quarries. Soils restored using sewage sludge showed a threefold increase in SOC compared to the corresponding unamended ones, despite the moderate sludge dosage applied (below 50 tonnes/ha). Plant cover was also higher in amended soils, and recruitment was not affected by sludge amendment at these doses. This study demonstrates that, used at an appropriate rate, sewage sludge is a good alternative for the valorization of mine spoils in quarry restoration, improving some important regulatory ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, without compromising woody plant encroachment.

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IOP Publishing via the DOI in this record. ; 14th International Conference on Concrete Engineering and Technology (CONCET 2018), 7-10 August, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Investigations into the economics, practicalities and technicalities of using recycled demolition aggregate in concrete precast products started in 2001. At that time, there were six demolition contractors around Liverpool and they were using mobile crushers which were suited for road subbase material but not for the smaller sized aggregate required for precast concrete products. It was estimated that if all six worked round the clock, i.e. assuming there was enough feed material, they would still have found it difficult to maintain the required supplies for a single precast factory. Investment in equipment was therefore required to guarantee supply and improve the quality of the recycled demolition aggregate. The market forces and the incentives/drivers for construction companies to adopt sustainable practises have encouraged investment of several million pounds to be made in new recycling plants and this has resulted in "urban quarries". Work on reducing the carbon footprint of concrete construction needs to consider not only the replacement of the aggregate with recycled ones but also to consider a reduction or complete replacement of Portland cement in concrete mixes. Alkali activated binders and geopolymers have seen applications in ceramics, hazardous waste containment, fire-resistant construction materials and refractories but the most interesting application is their use to replace Portland cement-based concretes. Several factors affecting the reactivity of fly ash as a precursor for geopolymer concrete have been investigated. These include physical and chemical properties of various fly ash sources, inclusion of ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs), chemical activator dosages and curing temperature. Alkali-activated fly ash was found to require elevated curing temperatures and high alkali concentrations. A mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate was used and this was shown to result in high strengths, as high as 70 MPa at 28 days. The partial replacement of fly ash with ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) was found to be beneficial in not only avoiding the need for elevated curing temperatures but also in improving compressive strengths. It became apparent that the main obstacle to commercialisation of these new alternative binders was the cost of the activating solutions, i.e. the sodium hydroxide and the sodium silicate. The latter is the most expensive one and results in geopolymer concretes that cannot compete on price with Portland cement concretes. Attempts therefore concentrated on developing a procedure for the production of sodium hydroxide from waste streams, which in this case was ground glass cullet. Production of eco-friendly concretes thus becomes commercially possible. ; The authors are grateful to the Veolia Environmental Trust, the Flintshire Community Trust Ltd (AD Waste Ltd) and the Northwest European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) Programme for funding the several phases of some of the projects described. One of the projects was carried out at the University of Liverpool in the framework of the Carbon Trust Applied Research Grant 0911-0252 "Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Cementless Precast Concrete Products". The work was then continued at Queen's University of Belfast with the financial support of the SUSCON project, which has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 285463 (Call FP7-2011-NMP ENV-ENERGY-ICT-EeB). The authors would like to thank Innovate UK-EPSRC for providing funding for the project RESCIND "REcovery and uSe of Cement kIlN Dust as the alkali activator for Geopolymeric (Cementless) Concrete Building Blocks", Grant Ref. EP/N508962/1, which achieve the production of an alternative activator.

Except religious and aristocratic buildings, most of the constructions and houses in the first ages of the former European cities and towns are made of cob and timber. The gradual transformation of this architecture in stone and brick constructions – the so-called "petrification" – is one of the most important processes within the cities and towns. Nevertheless, until now, this phenomenon has been little studied by historians and archaeologists (for instance Lilley 2002; Schofield & Vince 2005; Clark 2009). Therefore, the modes and chronology of these progressive architectural transformations are still uncertain."Petrification" is a significant process that makes it possible to approach a new range of important issues in urban history. It concerns the general aspect of the cities and towns and stands for an obvious change of the landscape and the evolution of material culture. From a social viewpoint "petrification" changes the way in which houses are in contact with each other and it consequently modifies town politics as well as the relationship between neighbourhoods. In conclusion, "petrification" changes deeply the urban life. From an economic viewpoint the "petrification" process has important implications on the organisation of urban supply of building materials. The town-countryside relationship progressively evolved: suburban forests, clay deposits and stone quarries are form now on subject to control attempts and new management strategies. In the same way the urban market connections with regional and international trade flows also change to meet the new urban needs concerning buildings.By integrating the different viewpoints of this complex issue we propose to elaborate a new methodology taking the former city of Brussels (duchy of Brabant then former Low Countries) as example :building archaeology data will be combined with dendrochronology, dendrology, radiocarbon dating and rereading of historical sources in order to bring further clarifications and to go beyond the traditional architecture ...

The landscape - how a person usually understands it - is the visible surface of the Earth environmentalimage. This is a reflection of natural processes and a reflection of cultural change, which constantlychanges across time and space. It is the foundation of national identity and is a part of life quality.Understanding, protecting, managing and forming landscape's identity and concept as an evolvingphenomenon at the same time meeting the economic, social, cultural, ecological and aesthetic needs ofthe public is one of the top priority goals of the state (Bučas, 2001).Landscape as a term is associated with art, history, geography, ecology, politics disciplines andplanning and design. The landscape can only be created by natural processes - the natural landscape orlandscape, which felt human intervention, is called cultural landscape. Cultural landscape has a plethoraof man-made objects - buildings, roads, bridges, quarries and other engineering infrastructure.The novelty of the work: this work extends the knowledge on the Lithuanian state parks' landscape.The paper first describes bodies of water as a natural and urban element that affects protected areas'landscape.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.13.4.13200

In this user-friendly, beautifully illustrated, and occasionally eccentric guidebook, David A. Steinberg blazes the trail to more than twenty unusual landmarks and hard-to-find destinations--all within a two-hour drive of New York City. Geared for the experienced hiker or camping adventurer, the book includes hikes to a variety of urban ruins, including a World War II-era air force base, a vacant dairy farm, pine plantations, abandoned quarries, tunnels, cemeteries, and iron mines. Each chapter contains detailed directions, a hand-drawn map, suggestions for the optimal time and season to visit, and GPS coordinates to specific sites. Bringing fifteen years of experience as a leader of hikes, the author leaves no part of the trip unplanned. He even suggests ideal conditions for the outing. An overcast day, for instance, sets up the haunted atmosphere appropriate for visiting a water tower in Mountainside, New Jersey, that has links to a murder-suicide in the 1970s. For less experienced hikers, the guide also includes a chapter on equipment and safety, detailed instructions on how to program a hand-held Global Positioning System receiver, and a glossary of terms. Both a practical guide and a creative chronicle, this book is bound to please hikers and history buffs alike

Stalni postav antike Arheološkog muzeja Zadar izlaže građu rim­ske antike po principu tematskih cjelina, kao što su rimska vojska, arhitektura i urbanizam, umjetnost, religija i pokapanje. Veliki dio izložene građe čini kamena plastika, točnije 96 vrijednih pri­mjeraka kojima je bila potrebna konzervatorsko-restauratorska obrada. U periodu od dvije godine na 50-ak kamenih spomenika izvršena je preventivna zaštita, dok je na 25 spomenika izvršen kompletan postupak zaštite. U ovom radu opisuje se konzerva­torski postupak i petrografske analize provedene na mramornim skulpturama i portretima iz zbirke Danieli. Na temelju uzoraka kamene prašine, uzetih s eksponata, determinirana je vrsta i na­stanak stijene. Petrografskom analizom određena je točnija pro­venijencija kamena i lokacija mogućih kamenoloma. ; The permanent exhibition of Roman antiquities in Archaeological Museum Zadar is organized by themes, such as Roman military, architecture and urban planning, art, religion and burials. Stone sculptures account for large part of the exhibits – specifically, 96 valuable specimens that required conservation and restoration work. Over a period of two years, some 50 stone monuments un­derwent preventive protection measures and 25 of them under­went a full protection procedure. This paper describes the con­servation treatment and petrographic analyses conducted on the marble sculptures and portraits from the Danieli Collection. Based on the stone dust samples collected from the exhibits, the type of the stone and its formation were determined. The petro­graphic analysis was used to establish a more accurate origin of the stone and the locations of the quarries it possibly came from.

The problem of utilization of waste treatment facilities every year becomes more acute for many urban, rural settlements in Russia. Over the years near their territories, numerous sludge–infested sludge plots, tailing dumps, dumps, and quarries were formed. Their presence significantly affects the living conditions of the population, environmental safety in the regions. The purpose of this paper is a comparative description of the method for disinfecting sewage fecal waste and a device for utilization of sludge from sewage treatment plants. Precipitation formed in the process of wastewater treatment in the form of excess silt, although they are of value due to the content of a number of organic components, but do not have a permanent composition. This, in turn, requires certain compliance with the processing conditions for use as fertilizers in obtaining agricultural products. In sediments, heavy metals are often found. Getting into the soil, they can adversely affect plants, animals and humans, the natural environment in general. Meanwhile, the introduction of various composts into the soil or production on their basis is one of the ways to solve the problem of getting rid of the huge amount of waste that accumulates in populated areas. The soil is enriched with nutrient macro- and microelements and organic substances. Utilization of precipitation in the form of fertilizers in agriculture will reduce the costs of mineral fertilizers to 600–1000 rubles/ha. To regulate the introduction of sewage sludge into the soil, taking into account the requirements of environmental safety, it is necessary to introduce a system of legislative acts.

The MSW landfill of the city of Rome, one of the largest in Europe, was created in the area of Malagrotta. Between the 1950s and the early 1960s, this area hosted important sand and gravel quarries, which supplied aggregates for construction projects, such as those necessary for the rapid urban expansion of Rome after the second world war. The area has a complex stratigraphy, schematically consisting (from top to bottom) of volcanic deposits, sands, gravels, and very compact gray-blue clays. This geological setting, with cavities from the previous quarrying of large volumes of aggregates (estimated at over 200 × 106 m3 in 1987), offered an ideal site for MSW disposal. Remediation and safe confinement projects were undertaken at the landfill site after the issuing of Decree of the President of the Republic 915/82 of 10 September 1982, transposing three European Directives, including Council Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste, into the Italian legislation. From a financial and technical-scientific viewpoint, the most important project to make the landfill compliant with the new legislation was the construction of a hydraulic sealing wall around the internal subareas of the landfill that would accommodate MSW. The wall consisted in a plastic diaphragm of variable depth (Fig. 1). This is one of the major barrier walls built in the world for the confinement of MSW landfills (Table 1). As part of the activities undertaken at the Malagrotta landfill site, we investigated the functional efficiency of the diaphragm. Several in situ tests were thus planned and implemented. This paper analyses the results of hydraulic stress tests carried out in appropriate sections, provided with piezometers and other measuring instruments making part of the system for monitoring the entire surface area of the landfill (161 ha). Figure 3 is a sketch of the section used for hydraulic tests, representing the entire confinement system (Fig. 2). The entire set of data confirms the efficiency of the confinement system examined. The ...

The EU Directive (85/337/EEC) introduced the requirement to conduct EIA for major developments in 1988 and the new Planning and Development Act in 2000 introduced the requirement that all planning applications be evaluated using sustainable development as one of the criteria in the decision-making process. The first survey examined the quality of visual impact assessments (VIA) carried out within a sample of environmental impact statements (EIS) prepared for the development control process in Ireland. The sample included 164 EISs submitted between 1997 and 1999 within three categories of development; piggeries, quarries and urban developments. The findings supply evidence on the nature, visualization techniques used and the quality of visual impact assessment practice during this period. The extent to which VIA have complied with the Irish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines and disparities between the results for each development category are examined. The survey concluded that (i) the standard of VIA is less comprehensive than might be expected, and (ii) the use of visualization techniques for VIA could be substantially improved. The second survey examined development policies used within the planning and development system to manage the visual amenity. Four stakeholder groups of the planning system were interviewed including planners, design professionals, environmental non-govemmental organizations and the environmental spokespersons for the main political parties in Ireland. These findings supply information on the development pressures impacting most significantly on the visual amenity, policies protecting the visual amenity within County and City Development Plans, other development policies impacting on the visual amenity, and methods used to enhance the visual amenity. The results indicate that although development policies protecting the visual amenity have been largely successful to date, development policies and strategies for enhancing the visual amenity lack coherence and focus. The concept of a National Landscape Plan is considered as a framework to facilitate the co-ordination of physical developments across development sectors and a set of guidelines for the visual amenity are presented as a contribution towards the preparation of the National Landscape Plan. ; TARA (Trinity's Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie

La problemática actual de las canteras en la cercanía de las grandes ciudades como Madrid debido a la escasez de reservas o a las restricciones medioambientales, están poniendo en graves problemas el abastecimiento de áridos naturales y subiendo su coste. El estudio realizado responde a la actual necesidad de los países del mundo desarrollado por buscar soluciones a los problemas de abastecimiento de materias primas para la construcción en las zonas urbanizadas. El desarrollo tecnológico y urbanístico de nuestra sociedad se ha de encaminar hacia nuestro bienestar y el de las generaciones venideras en lo que se ha venido a llamar desarrollo sostenible. La dependencia de nuestra sociedad hacia los recursos naturales y la consideración de su importancia hacen que se deban aprovechar al máximo, ya sea reciclando, reutilizando o revalorizando. Este trabajo está centrado en los residuos utilizados en el sector de la construcción y la viabilidad de su reutilización. Para que esta actividad se convierta en una realidad se han de dar las condiciones necesarias para que el aprovechamiento de estos residuos sea una actividad rentable para los empresarios que decidan entrar en el negocio. Por ello, el trabajo ha consistido en la elaboración de un método de evaluación dinámico, aplicable en cualquier área del mundo que sirva para evaluar la situación de la sociedad, los mercados, y la legislación acerca de la posibilidad de reciclar los materiales de la construcción para volverlos a introducir en el mercado; además, se ha llevado a cabo una aplicación práctica en la Comunidad de Madrid. El resultado se contrasta con el diseño y el estudio de viabilidad de una instalación de reciclaje de residuos de la construcción y demolición en este micromercado. La viabilidad técnica de los procesos necesarios para la separación y limpieza de los residuos está ampliamente demostrada por la experiencia de países europeos como Holanda y Dinamarca, sin embargo, la viabilidad económica depende de la legislación, concienciación y situación de los mercados en que se quiera aplicar. Para la elaboración del estudio económico se han tomado datos y parámetros económicos de plantas existentes en Europa y Estados Unidos, así como se han visitado varias plantas en Madrid, Asturias o Vitoria tomándolas como referencia para realizar dicho estudio, algunos parámetros como superficie, personal y energía se pueden extrapolar con gran fiabilidad. __________________________________________________________________________ ; The current situation of quarry sites near urban areas will provoke some changes in the near future. The exhaustion of existing localities as well as the restrictions to protect the environment will lead to a reduced supply of materials and an increase of the production costs. This thesis intends to find some solutions for the current lack of raw materials for the construction sector to allow a further technological and urban development of our society. In order to maintain or increase our living standard despite a decreasing supply of raw materials in the developed countries, the concept of sustainable development and use will become more and more important. This concept aims at encouraging the efficient use of our natural resources due to a maximal exploitation, recycling and reevaluation. Based on the sustainability concept this project explores the effectiveness and profitability of recycling the waste products in the construction sector under special circumstances. This project tries to define a method for a dynamic assessment of conditions. Among them, the situation of the society, the markets and the legal regulations on the recycling of wastes from the construction sector under the aspects of effectiveness and profitability. This general approach allows the execution of the dynamic assessment in any place in the world. As an example this method is applied for Madrid with concrete design of a RCD plant and the corresponding feasibility study. The feasibility technique of the necessary processes to separate and clean the material is demonstrated on the experience of other European countries like Holland or Denmark, although the economic feasibility depends on the concrete legislation and the stage of maturity of the markets. To consolidate the study, financial parameters have been taken from other installations in Europe or USA, and the quarries in Madrid, Asturias or Vitoria have been visited as a national reference. Some parameters like surface, workers or energy can be extrapolated with high reliability. ; Ingeniería Industrial

The industry is at the heart of the company's history and evolution. Very early on, the government sought to control the sector, but it was Colbert's policies in particular that marked his sustained intervention at the end of the 17th century. At the dawn of the revolution, the entrepreneurial spirit intensified with the rise of prominent industrialists, seeking to take advantage of the economic freedoms granted by the monarchy. This sector is mainly located in urban areas, but rural industry, where part of the production is established, should not be neglected. The whole purpose of this study is to demonstrate the interest of localized studies, particularly in terms of history, but also in terms of understanding our human society. These allow the identification of fundamental elements of society and case studies sometimes allow the identification of isolated profiles of generalities. Our subject is Sassenage, a village at the foot of the eastern part of the Vercors massif, not far from Grenoble. Focusing on this case between 1759 and 1791, the aim of this research is to focus on its main industrial centres: the manufacture of blond lace, the Sassenage artifices and the stone quarries between Sassenage and Fontaine. Each application has its own particularities and contains the main features of an evolving society. This research is also ideal for addressing social and labour issues, including the relationships between workers and their working conditions in manufacturing workshops. This research is based on a multitude of archives, including all the protocols of the notaries of Sassenage between 1759 and 1788, industrial surveys and various acts such as receipts, leases, leases that shed light on our case studies of the Sassenage industry. We therefore invite the reader to read the history of a small territory that has relations with the city of Grenoble. ; L'industrie est au cœur de l'histoire de la société et de son évolution. Très tôt, le pouvoir chercha à contrôler le secteur, mais ce sont surtout les politiques de Colbert qui vont marquer son intervention soutenue à la fin du 17e siècle. À l'aube de la révolution, l'esprit entrepreneurial s'intensifie avec l'essor de notables industriels, cherchant à tirer profit des libertés économiques accordées par la monarchie. Ce secteur se trouve principalement en milieu urbain, mais il ne faut pas délaisser l'industrie rurale où une partie de la production est établie. Toute l'ambition de cette étude est de démontrer l'intérêt des études localisées, notamment sur le plan historique, mais également sur le plan de la compréhension de notre société humaine. Celles-ci permettent la mise en évidence d'éléments fondamentaux de la société et les études de cas permettent parfois d'identifier des profils isolés des généralités. Notre sujet porte sur Sassenage, village au pied de l'est du massif du Vercors, non loin de Grenoble. En nous focalisant sur ce cas entre 1759 et 1791, la visée de cette recherche est de nous centrer sur ses principaux centres industriels : la manufacture de dentelles de blondes, les artifices de Sassenage et les carrières de pierres entre Sassenage et Fontaine. Chacune des applications possède leurs particularités et recèle les principaux traits d'une société en évolution. Cette recherche est aussi idéale pour aborder la question sociale et ouvrière, notamment les relations entre les travailleurs et leurs conditions de travail au sein des ateliers manufacturiers. Cette recherche est élaborée à partir d'une multitude d'archives, entre autres l'intégralité des protocoles des notaires de Sassenage entre 1759 et 1788, des enquêtes industrielles et divers actes tels que des quittances, locations, baux qui permettent d'éclairer nos études de cas de l'industrie sassenageoise. Nous convions donc le lecteur à une lecture de l'histoire d'un territoire réduit qui entretient des relations avec la ville de Grenoble.

The industry is at the heart of the company's history and evolution. Very early on, the government sought to control the sector, but it was Colbert's policies in particular that marked his sustained intervention at the end of the 17th century. At the dawn of the revolution, the entrepreneurial spirit intensified with the rise of prominent industrialists, seeking to take advantage of the economic freedoms granted by the monarchy. This sector is mainly located in urban areas, but rural industry, where part of the production is established, should not be neglected. The whole purpose of this study is to demonstrate the interest of localized studies, particularly in terms of history, but also in terms of understanding our human society. These allow the identification of fundamental elements of society and case studies sometimes allow the identification of isolated profiles of generalities. Our subject is Sassenage, a village at the foot of the eastern part of the Vercors massif, not far from Grenoble. Focusing on this case between 1759 and 1791, the aim of this research is to focus on its main industrial centres: the manufacture of blond lace, the Sassenage artifices and the stone quarries between Sassenage and Fontaine. Each application has its own particularities and contains the main features of an evolving society. This research is also ideal for addressing social and labour issues, including the relationships between workers and their working conditions in manufacturing workshops. This research is based on a multitude of archives, including all the protocols of the notaries of Sassenage between 1759 and 1788, industrial surveys and various acts such as receipts, leases, leases that shed light on our case studies of the Sassenage industry. We therefore invite the reader to read the history of a small territory that has relations with the city of Grenoble. ; L'industrie est au cœur de l'histoire de la société et de son évolution. Très tôt, le pouvoir chercha à contrôler le secteur, mais ce sont surtout les politiques de Colbert qui vont marquer son intervention soutenue à la fin du 17e siècle. À l'aube de la révolution, l'esprit entrepreneurial s'intensifie avec l'essor de notables industriels, cherchant à tirer profit des libertés économiques accordées par la monarchie. Ce secteur se trouve principalement en milieu urbain, mais il ne faut pas délaisser l'industrie rurale où une partie de la production est établie. Toute l'ambition de cette étude est de démontrer l'intérêt des études localisées, notamment sur le plan historique, mais également sur le plan de la compréhension de notre société humaine. Celles-ci permettent la mise en évidence d'éléments fondamentaux de la société et les études de cas permettent parfois d'identifier des profils isolés des généralités. Notre sujet porte sur Sassenage, village au pied de l'est du massif du Vercors, non loin de Grenoble. En nous focalisant sur ce cas entre 1759 et 1791, la visée de cette recherche est de nous centrer sur ses principaux centres industriels : la manufacture de dentelles de blondes, les artifices de Sassenage et les carrières de pierres entre Sassenage et Fontaine. Chacune des applications possède leurs particularités et recèle les principaux traits d'une société en évolution. Cette recherche est aussi idéale pour aborder la question sociale et ouvrière, notamment les relations entre les travailleurs et leurs conditions de travail au sein des ateliers manufacturiers. Cette recherche est élaborée à partir d'une multitude d'archives, entre autres l'intégralité des protocoles des notaires de Sassenage entre 1759 et 1788, des enquêtes industrielles et divers actes tels que des quittances, locations, baux qui permettent d'éclairer nos études de cas de l'industrie sassenageoise. Nous convions donc le lecteur à une lecture de l'histoire d'un territoire réduit qui entretient des relations avec la ville de Grenoble.

The industry is at the heart of the company's history and evolution. Very early on, the government sought to control the sector, but it was Colbert's policies in particular that marked his sustained intervention at the end of the 17th century. At the dawn of the revolution, the entrepreneurial spirit intensified with the rise of prominent industrialists, seeking to take advantage of the economic freedoms granted by the monarchy. This sector is mainly located in urban areas, but rural industry, where part of the production is established, should not be neglected. The whole purpose of this study is to demonstrate the interest of localized studies, particularly in terms of history, but also in terms of understanding our human society. These allow the identification of fundamental elements of society and case studies sometimes allow the identification of isolated profiles of generalities. Our subject is Sassenage, a village at the foot of the eastern part of the Vercors massif, not far from Grenoble. Focusing on this case between 1759 and 1791, the aim of this research is to focus on its main industrial centres: the manufacture of blond lace, the Sassenage artifices and the stone quarries between Sassenage and Fontaine. Each application has its own particularities and contains the main features of an evolving society. This research is also ideal for addressing social and labour issues, including the relationships between workers and their working conditions in manufacturing workshops. This research is based on a multitude of archives, including all the protocols of the notaries of Sassenage between 1759 and 1788, industrial surveys and various acts such as receipts, leases, leases that shed light on our case studies of the Sassenage industry. We therefore invite the reader to read the history of a small territory that has relations with the city of Grenoble. ; L'industrie est au cœur de l'histoire de la société et de son évolution. Très tôt, le pouvoir chercha à contrôler le secteur, mais ce sont surtout les politiques de Colbert qui vont marquer son intervention soutenue à la fin du 17e siècle. À l'aube de la révolution, l'esprit entrepreneurial s'intensifie avec l'essor de notables industriels, cherchant à tirer profit des libertés économiques accordées par la monarchie. Ce secteur se trouve principalement en milieu urbain, mais il ne faut pas délaisser l'industrie rurale où une partie de la production est établie. Toute l'ambition de cette étude est de démontrer l'intérêt des études localisées, notamment sur le plan historique, mais également sur le plan de la compréhension de notre société humaine. Celles-ci permettent la mise en évidence d'éléments fondamentaux de la société et les études de cas permettent parfois d'identifier des profils isolés des généralités. Notre sujet porte sur Sassenage, village au pied de l'est du massif du Vercors, non loin de Grenoble. En nous focalisant sur ce cas entre 1759 et 1791, la visée de cette recherche est de nous centrer sur ses principaux centres industriels : la manufacture de dentelles de blondes, les artifices de Sassenage et les carrières de pierres entre Sassenage et Fontaine. Chacune des applications possède leurs particularités et recèle les principaux traits d'une société en évolution. Cette recherche est aussi idéale pour aborder la question sociale et ouvrière, notamment les relations entre les travailleurs et leurs conditions de travail au sein des ateliers manufacturiers. Cette recherche est élaborée à partir d'une multitude d'archives, entre autres l'intégralité des protocoles des notaires de Sassenage entre 1759 et 1788, des enquêtes industrielles et divers actes tels que des quittances, locations, baux qui permettent d'éclairer nos études de cas de l'industrie sassenageoise. Nous convions donc le lecteur à une lecture de l'histoire d'un territoire réduit qui entretient des relations avec la ville de Grenoble.

The industry is at the heart of the company's history and evolution. Very early on, the government sought to control the sector, but it was Colbert's policies in particular that marked his sustained intervention at the end of the 17th century. At the dawn of the revolution, the entrepreneurial spirit intensified with the rise of prominent industrialists, seeking to take advantage of the economic freedoms granted by the monarchy. This sector is mainly located in urban areas, but rural industry, where part of the production is established, should not be neglected. The whole purpose of this study is to demonstrate the interest of localized studies, particularly in terms of history, but also in terms of understanding our human society. These allow the identification of fundamental elements of society and case studies sometimes allow the identification of isolated profiles of generalities. Our subject is Sassenage, a village at the foot of the eastern part of the Vercors massif, not far from Grenoble. Focusing on this case between 1759 and 1791, the aim of this research is to focus on its main industrial centres: the manufacture of blond lace, the Sassenage artifices and the stone quarries between Sassenage and Fontaine. Each application has its own particularities and contains the main features of an evolving society. This research is also ideal for addressing social and labour issues, including the relationships between workers and their working conditions in manufacturing workshops. This research is based on a multitude of archives, including all the protocols of the notaries of Sassenage between 1759 and 1788, industrial surveys and various acts such as receipts, leases, leases that shed light on our case studies of the Sassenage industry. We therefore invite the reader to read the history of a small territory that has relations with the city of Grenoble. ; L'industrie est au cœur de l'histoire de la société et de son évolution. Très tôt, le pouvoir chercha à contrôler le secteur, mais ce sont surtout les politiques de Colbert qui vont marquer son intervention soutenue à la fin du 17e siècle. À l'aube de la révolution, l'esprit entrepreneurial s'intensifie avec l'essor de notables industriels, cherchant à tirer profit des libertés économiques accordées par la monarchie. Ce secteur se trouve principalement en milieu urbain, mais il ne faut pas délaisser l'industrie rurale où une partie de la production est établie. Toute l'ambition de cette étude est de démontrer l'intérêt des études localisées, notamment sur le plan historique, mais également sur le plan de la compréhension de notre société humaine. Celles-ci permettent la mise en évidence d'éléments fondamentaux de la société et les études de cas permettent parfois d'identifier des profils isolés des généralités. Notre sujet porte sur Sassenage, village au pied de l'est du massif du Vercors, non loin de Grenoble. En nous focalisant sur ce cas entre 1759 et 1791, la visée de cette recherche est de nous centrer sur ses principaux centres industriels : la manufacture de dentelles de blondes, les artifices de Sassenage et les carrières de pierres entre Sassenage et Fontaine. Chacune des applications possède leurs particularités et recèle les principaux traits d'une société en évolution. Cette recherche est aussi idéale pour aborder la question sociale et ouvrière, notamment les relations entre les travailleurs et leurs conditions de travail au sein des ateliers manufacturiers. Cette recherche est élaborée à partir d'une multitude d'archives, entre autres l'intégralité des protocoles des notaires de Sassenage entre 1759 et 1788, des enquêtes industrielles et divers actes tels que des quittances, locations, baux qui permettent d'éclairer nos études de cas de l'industrie sassenageoise. Nous convions donc le lecteur à une lecture de l'histoire d'un territoire réduit qui entretient des relations avec la ville de Grenoble.

The industry is at the heart of the company's history and evolution. Very early on, the government sought to control the sector, but it was Colbert's policies in particular that marked his sustained intervention at the end of the 17th century. At the dawn of the revolution, the entrepreneurial spirit intensified with the rise of prominent industrialists, seeking to take advantage of the economic freedoms granted by the monarchy. This sector is mainly located in urban areas, but rural industry, where part of the production is established, should not be neglected. The whole purpose of this study is to demonstrate the interest of localized studies, particularly in terms of history, but also in terms of understanding our human society. These allow the identification of fundamental elements of society and case studies sometimes allow the identification of isolated profiles of generalities. Our subject is Sassenage, a village at the foot of the eastern part of the Vercors massif, not far from Grenoble. Focusing on this case between 1759 and 1791, the aim of this research is to focus on its main industrial centres: the manufacture of blond lace, the Sassenage artifices and the stone quarries between Sassenage and Fontaine. Each application has its own particularities and contains the main features of an evolving society. This research is also ideal for addressing social and labour issues, including the relationships between workers and their working conditions in manufacturing workshops. This research is based on a multitude of archives, including all the protocols of the notaries of Sassenage between 1759 and 1788, industrial surveys and various acts such as receipts, leases, leases that shed light on our case studies of the Sassenage industry. We therefore invite the reader to read the history of a small territory that has relations with the city of Grenoble. ; L'industrie est au cœur de l'histoire de la société et de son évolution. Très tôt, le pouvoir chercha à contrôler le secteur, mais ce sont surtout les politiques de Colbert qui vont marquer son intervention soutenue à la fin du 17e siècle. À l'aube de la révolution, l'esprit entrepreneurial s'intensifie avec l'essor de notables industriels, cherchant à tirer profit des libertés économiques accordées par la monarchie. Ce secteur se trouve principalement en milieu urbain, mais il ne faut pas délaisser l'industrie rurale où une partie de la production est établie. Toute l'ambition de cette étude est de démontrer l'intérêt des études localisées, notamment sur le plan historique, mais également sur le plan de la compréhension de notre société humaine. Celles-ci permettent la mise en évidence d'éléments fondamentaux de la société et les études de cas permettent parfois d'identifier des profils isolés des généralités. Notre sujet porte sur Sassenage, village au pied de l'est du massif du Vercors, non loin de Grenoble. En nous focalisant sur ce cas entre 1759 et 1791, la visée de cette recherche est de nous centrer sur ses principaux centres industriels : la manufacture de dentelles de blondes, les artifices de Sassenage et les carrières de pierres entre Sassenage et Fontaine. Chacune des applications possède leurs particularités et recèle les principaux traits d'une société en évolution. Cette recherche est aussi idéale pour aborder la question sociale et ouvrière, notamment les relations entre les travailleurs et leurs conditions de travail au sein des ateliers manufacturiers. Cette recherche est élaborée à partir d'une multitude d'archives, entre autres l'intégralité des protocoles des notaires de Sassenage entre 1759 et 1788, des enquêtes industrielles et divers actes tels que des quittances, locations, baux qui permettent d'éclairer nos études de cas de l'industrie sassenageoise. Nous convions donc le lecteur à une lecture de l'histoire d'un territoire réduit qui entretient des relations avec la ville de Grenoble.