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Of the large industrial countries, Germany is clearly leading with regard to new renewable energy sources, occupying first rank in terms of installed capacity for wind energy and second for photovoltaics. This is not because of an exceptional natural resource base but because of public policy in this area, despite the fact that this policy was conducted in a lukewarm fashion until 1998. In any case, it led to a remarkable expansion of this sector. The Red-Green coalition, in office from 1998 to 2005, developed the vision of achieving 50% and more of electricity generated from renewable energy sources by 2050, a goal that seems well accepted by the public but not by the established energy interests. There seems to be a good chance that the Conservative-Social Democratic coalition, which took office in November 2005, will continue this course.

Renewable electricity technology adoption is an essential part of the measures to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development. This paper investigates the drivers of and barriers to renewable electricity technology adoption in Nigeria. Specifically, the factors that influence the share of renewable electricity in total electricity consumption in Nigeria is investigated using data from 1981 to 2011 and employing the Johansen cointegration technique and vector error correction method. The results show that there is a long run relationship between renewable electricity consumption and GDP, trade openness, financial development and share of fossil fuel in energy consumption. Trade openness promotes renewable electricity consumption while obsession with economic growth and the lobby of conventional energy sources undermine it in Nigeria. Financial development does not have significant impact on renewable electricity technology adoption in Nigeria. It is recommended that the Nigerian government should pursue policies that not only increase the amount of renewable electricity, but also increase the share of renewables in total electricity consumption.

Energy justice is increasingly being used as a framework to conceptualize the impacts of energy decision making in more holistic ways and to consider the social implications in terms of existing ethical values. Similarly, renewable energy technologies are increasingly being promoted for their environmental and social benefits. However, little work has been done to systematically examine the extent to which, in what ways and in what contexts, renewable energy technologies can contribute to achieving energy justice. This paper assesses the potential of renewable electricity technologies to address energy justice in various global contexts via a systematic review of existing studies analyzed in terms of the principles and dimensions of energy justice. Based on publications including peer reviewed academic literature, books, and in some cases reports by government or international organizations, we assess renewable electricity technologies in both grid integrated and off-grid use contexts. We conduct our investigation through the rubric of the affirmative and prohibitive principles of energy justice and in terms of its temporal, geographic, socio-political, economic, and technological dimensions. Renewable electricity technology development has and continue to have different impacts in different social contexts, and by considering the different impacts explicitly across global contexts, including differences between rural and urban contexts, this paper contributes to identifying and understanding how, in what ways, and in what particular conditions and circumstances renewable electricity technologies may correspond with or work to promote energy justice.

When Alberta's government launched the Renewable Electricity Program (REP) in 2017, many feared it would result in yet another costly subsidy for renewable power. With a little over a year since first generation, we look back on how the REP contracts have fared so far. It may come as a surprise then that the government is actually making money on them.

Energy justice is increasingly being used as a framework to conceptualize the impacts of energy decision making in more holistic ways and to consider the social implications in terms of existing ethical values. Similarly, renewable energy technologies are increasingly being promoted for their environmental and social benefits. However, little work has been done to systematically examine the extent to which, in what ways and in what contexts, renewable energy technologies can contribute to achieving energy justice. This paper assesses the potential of renewable electricity technologies to address energy justice in various global contexts via a systematic review of existing studies analyzed in terms of the principles and dimensions of energy justice. Based on publications including peer reviewed academic literature, books, and in some cases reports by government or international organizations, we assess renewable electricity technologies in both grid integrated and off-grid use contexts. We conduct our investigation through the rubric of the affirmative and prohibitive principles of energy justice and in terms of its temporal, geographic, socio-political, economic, and technological dimensions. Renewable electricity technology development has and continue to have different impacts in different social contexts, and by considering the different impacts explicitly across global contexts, including differences between rural and urban contexts, this paper contributes to identifying and understanding how, in what ways, and in what particular conditions and circumstances renewable electricity technologies may correspond with or work to promote energy justice.

Renewable energy plays a significant role in mitigating C02 emission and boosts sustainable development. Initially, this study examines those factors which create hurdles in adopting renewable energy technology in Thailand. Later, this study examined the impact of renewable energy with other supporting variables on Thailand's total energy consumption. For this purpose, this study used 38 years of data from 1990 to 2018. Initially, the Augmented Dickey fuller test applied to verify the order of integration on indicators, and it confirms that there exists a unit order of integration. Then applied Johansen Cointegration, and it confirms that there are long-run relationships among trade openness, GDP, energy consumption (fossil fuels), financial development, and renewable energy consumption. Further applied Vector error correction model (VECM) to estimates the coefficients on indicators. Results confirm that openness to trade endorses the consumption of renewable energy in Thailand. However, the development of the economy and traditional energy resources creates hurdles to adapting renewable energy in Thailand. Renewable energy technology in Thailand did not significantly impact financial growth and development. After the research, the researcher advised the government of Thailand to adopt and implement the regulations and policies that maximize the magnitude of renewable energy and maximize the portion of renewable energy in total consumption of the overall energy consumption for the country Thailand.

Abstract Renewable energy plays a significant role in mitigating C02 emission and boosts sustainable development. Initially, this study examines those factors which create hurdles in adopting renewable energy technology in Thailand. Later, this study examined the impact of renewable energy with other supporting variables on Thailand's total energy consumption. For this purpose, this study used 38 years of data from 1990 to 2018. Initially, the Augmented Dickey fuller test applied to verify the order of integration on indicators, and it confirms that there exists a unit order of integration. Then applied Johansen Cointegration, and it confirms that there are long-run relationships among trade openness, GDP, energy consumption (fossil fuels), financial development, and renewable energy consumption. Further applied Vector error correction model (VECM) to estimates the coefficients on indicators. Results confirm that openness to trade endorses the consumption of renewable energy in Thailand. However, the development of the economy and traditional energy resources creates hurdles to adapting renewable energy in Thailand. Renewable energy technology in Thailand did not significantly impact financial growth and development. After the research, the researcher advised the government of Thailand to adopt and implement the regulations and policies that maximize the magnitude of renewable energy and maximize the portion of renewable energy in total consumption of the overall energy consumption for the country Thailand.