Suchergebnisse

Finding free exercise of religion overridden by prison needs -- Declaring excessive physical force in a prison setting unconstitutional -- Upholding noncapital prison sentences under three-strikes laws -- Applying the prisoner right of habeas corpus to guant

Prison gangs are a growing problem in prisons. In recent times, Skarbek's (2011, 2014) governance theory has become increasingly popular in explaining their emergence. Yet, this theory downplays the role that deprivation and importation theories can play in understanding the emergence and behaviour of these gangs. This chapter seeks to address this shortcoming by demonstrating how the inclusion of these theories, alongside the governance theory, can enhance our understanding of prison gang emergence and when gang fragmentation or consolidation may occur. Drawing on research conducted in the US and beyond, this chapter argues that a holistic understanding of prison gangs and their monopolisation of power requires a consideration of the importation and deprivation theories, together with Skarbek's (2011, 2014) governance theory. Special attention is paid to the wider role political and social processes may play in influencing whether monopoly power by prison gangs is supported and legitimised or not.

U.S. prisons are highly dangerous places for inmates and prison staff alike. Housing a mix of criminal offenders-from drug abusers to murderers-while ensuring the safety of staff members and protecting the rights of inmates is a complex and daunting challenge undertaken each day in prisons nationwide. That challenge is heightened as more prisoners enter correctional facilities. In 2002, some 1.4 million inmates were held in federal and state prisons, an 82 percent increase since 1990. When factored in with jail inmates, that amounted to the highest rate of incarceration in the world. Clear and

The article presents the characteristics of the language used in the prison employees and inmates. There is a nonverbal language, gesture that is learned by imitation two social categories in the everyday interaction. And there are two types of verbal language - one official and one secret slang. In the universe of prison three languages intertwine not possible without each other. To understand the functioning of an institution's total language understanding is essential, for it is vital for human interaction flow, understanding and functioning of formal and informal rules for the two categories internalization of social values.

Chapter 1. Taking complaints and requests in prisons seriously (Tom Daems and Elena Larrauri) -- Chapter 2. The Dutch Complaint Procedure for Prisoners Under Pressure (Sonja Meijer and Megan Jansen) -- Chapter 3. Who complains in prison, who doesn't and why? A view from Germany (Christine Morgenstern and Mary Rogan) -- Chapter 4. Irish Prisoner Complaints: the challenges of complaining from within (Sophie Van Der Valk) -- Chapter 5. A new complaint system for prisoners in Belgium (Tom Daems) -- Chapter 6. The system of prisoners' complaints in Romania: law vs. Practice (Cristina Dâmboeanu) -- Chapter 7. 'They need to like you to get an answer': Prisoners' Perspectives on Requests and Complaints in Spanish Prisons (Elena Larrauri).

Experiments in prison reform have often included efforts to democratize prisons. Such experiments were especially popular during the progressive era. Today, democratization efforts are congruent with management literature that describes employee participation and total quality of management initiatives through which organizations try to improve the quality of their products and services. Prison democratization can combine opportunities for staff involvement with enhanced prisoner participation. Inmates can be afforded a greater role in classification and programming decisions, and in determining policies that affect the quality of prison life. Such participatory approaches help to normalize prison life and contribute to the resocialization of offenders.

Dealing with crime is everyone's business. It demands a clear law enforcement response combined with significant efforts to address the root causes of crime, particularly poverty, racism, and overwhelmed families. As a society, we are spending the bulk of our resources on the most expensive response: incarceration. Traditional approaches to crime need to address the differences between men and women as these differences translate to appropriate reactions by the criminal justice system. For example, the Rockefeller drug laws in New York were meant to incarcerate high-level drug pushers for long terms. Instead, women in financial or family crises have been easy dupes for dealers who never handle their own drugs. These women do not dispute their guilt, but is their crime worth a 15-year minimum? Certainly, the public needs to make informed decisions about which women should be in prison and for how long and which women might be dealt with differently.

Drawing on survey data collected from 396 visitors to inmates at a medium-security prison, this research examines the experience of visiting inmates from the visitor's perspective. Data include visitors' demographics, relationships to inmates, social, psychological, and emotional contexts of visits, barriers to visitation, other means of maintaining contact, and perceptions of the visitation program. Analysis also shows that visitors'age, race, education, and frequency of visits are significantly related to perceptions of the visitation experience and environment. Discussion of the value of visitation programs and how correctional administrators can best structure and operate visitation programs is provided.

Intro -- Preface -- Description -- Contents -- Part I State of the Art Design -- 1 Smart Prison State of the Art Design -- 1.1 Architectural Methodology -- 1.2 Status and Gap -- 1.3 Smart Prison Business Structure -- 1.3.1 Component Business Model -- 1.3.2 Business Architecture -- 1.4 Smart Prison Data Architecture -- 1.4.1 Subject Domain -- 1.4.2 Data Architecture -- 1.5 Smart Prison Application Architecture -- 1.5.1 Target Path -- 1.5.2 Application Architecture -- 1.6 Smart Prison Technical Architecture -- 1.6.1 Key Technologies -- 1.6.2 Technical Architecture -- 1.7 Smart Prison Service Architecture -- 1.7.1 Service Reference Model -- 1.7.2 Service Architecture -- 2 Evaluation Indicators for Smart Prison -- 2.1 Description of Evaluation Indicators -- 2.2 Indicator System Design -- 2.3 Evaluation Index for Smart Prison-Concept Planning -- 2.4 Smart Prison Evaluation Index-Infrastructure -- 2.5 Evaluation Index of Smart Prison-Smart Application -- 2.6 Evaluation Index of Smart Prison-Construction Performance -- 2.7 Evaluation Indicators for Smart Prison-Support and Guarantee -- Part II Intelligent Security Protection -- 3 Prison IOT -- 3.1 System Architecture of the Internet of Things -- 3.2 Perception and Recognition of the Internet of Things -- 3.3 Applications of the Internet of the Things -- 3.3.1 Architecture of the Internet of Things in Prisons -- 3.3.2 Three Stages of the Development of the Internet of Things in Prisons -- 3.3.3 Middleware of the Internet of Things in Prisons -- 3.3.4 Internet of Things Security in Prisons -- 3.3.5 The Applications of the Internet of Things in Prisons -- 3.3.6 Wireless Positioning Technology Applicable for Prisons -- 3.3.7 Energy Consumption Management of Wireless Positioning -- 3.3.8 Electromagnetic Radiation of Wireless Positioning -- 4 Prison Cloud -- 4.1 Cloud Computing Architecture.