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Nano energetic materials have attracted great attention recently owing to their potential applications for both civilian and military purposes. By introducing silicon microchannel plates (Si-MCPs) three-dimensional (3D)-ordered structures, monocrystalline MnMoO 4 with a size of tens of micrometres and polycrystalline MnMoO 4 nanoflakes are produced on the surface and sidewall of nickel-coated Si-MCP, respectively. The MnMoO 4 crystals ripen controllably forming polycrystalline nanoflakes with lattice fringes of 0.542 nm corresponding to the ( 1 ¯ 11 ) plane on the sidewall. And these MnMoO 4 nanoflakes show apparent thermite performance which is rarely reported and represents MnMoO 4 becoming a new category of energetic materials after nanocrystallization. Additionally, the nanocrystallization mechanism is interpreted by ionic diffusion caused by 3D structure. The results indicate that the Si-MCP is a promising substrate for nanocrystallization of energetic materials such as MnMoO 4 .

brought to the forefront of the media scene in 2015, borders are paradoxical geopolitical objects which everyone believes can give a simple definition. Who knows that our country's longest border is the one it shares with Brazil (730 km)? It is therefore important to question the ideas received on the border, in order to grasp a few clearances to understand how these international boundaries have become essential elements of the redefinition of contemporary political relations at all levels. Perceived as dividing lines, borders are becoming complex devices for sorting globalisation flows rather than binary boundaries between the dewithin and outside the nation and/or the state. ; International audience ; brought to the forefront of the media scene in 2015, borders are paradoxical geopolitical objects which everyone believes can give a simple definition. Who knows that our country's longest border is the one it shares with Brazil (730 km)? It is therefore important to question the ideas received on the border, in order to grasp a few clearances to understand how these international boundaries have become essential elements of the redefinition of contemporary political relations at all levels. Perceived as dividing lines, borders are becoming complex devices for sorting globalisation flows rather than binary boundaries between the dewithin and outside the nation and/or the state. ; Portées au devant de la scène médiatique en 2015, les frontières constituent des objets géopolitiques paradoxaux dont tout un chacun pense pouvoir en donner une définition simple. Qui sait pourtant que la plus longue frontière de notre pays est celle qu'il partage avec le Brésil (730 km) ? Il importe donc de remettre en cause les idées reçues sur la frontière, afin d'appréhender quelques cléspermettant de comprendre en quoi ces limites internationales sont devenues des éléments essentiels de la redéfinition des rapports politiques contemporains, et ce, à toutes les échelles. Perçues comme des lignes de démarcation, les frontières sont ...

International audience Lianas are hyperdynamic elements of tropical vegetation that strongly react to changes in forest structure. In Mayotte (Western Indian Ocean), the indigenous vine Merremia peltata (Convolvulaceae) greatly expanded its range in recent decades and sometimes causes the collapse of the forest canopy. Surveys were conducted in 52 4 m-radius plots arranged in Voundzé forest and Bénara Monts Departmental Forest, along an ecological gradient of invasion of M. peltata from free to very strongly invaded areas. The propagation modes of the liana, the vertical structure of forest stands, but also topographic parameters, were identified and quantified. No plantlet resulting from germination was observed. The creeping stems, present in high density (1.9 stems / m) were systematically layered in the ground. A set of 37 native plant species have been recorded as supports, the most common one being Grisollea myrianthea. From the primary host, which has an average diameter of 6.0 ± 4.9 cm at 1.30 m above ground, the creeper joins another support remote of a mean distance of 97 cm. The index of colonization and the index of forest structure which were used, which sum the rate of vegetation cover at different heights, were negatively correlated (n = 52, Pearson coefficient r = - 0.319, P < 0.05). Natural forests, which show a complex vertical structure, were actually less colonized than secondary forests, which have a poorer vertical structure. The negative correlation between the same index of colonization and altitude (n = 35, Pearson coefficient r = - 0.439, P < 0.05) is interpreted as a relationship confused with the previous, as natural forests are located at altitude unlike secondary forests. The colonization of forest ecosystems by M. peltata is facilitated by a high aptitude for vegetative propagation, coupled with higher propensity of secondary forests to be colonized by lianas. Uncertainty remains about the future of the sites where this vine has led to the collapse of forest stands. However, ...

International audience •In 25 years, open access, i.e. free and unrestricted access to scientific information, has become a significant part of scientific communication. However, its success story should not conceal a fundamental change of its nature.•Open access started, together with the Web, at the grassroots, as a bottom-up, community-driven model of open journals and repositories. Today the key driving forces are no longer community-driven needs and objectives but commercial, institutional and political interests.•This development serves the needs of the scientific community insofar as more and more content becomes available through open journals and repositories. Yet, the fall of open access as a community-driven model is running the risk of becoming dysfunctional for the scientists and may create new barriers and digital divides.

150 156 7 ; Ferrer Sapena, A.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2013). Open data, big data: ¿hacia dónde nos dirigimos?. Anuario ThinkEPI. 7:150-156. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/38086 ; Senia ; The "open data" movement is becoming more popular in different contexts: public administration, science and companies; therefore, it is important to know its scope. The term has generated a lot of expectations related to transparency at all levels, data reuse and free access. This review discusses some of the expectations generated by this movement. ; En unos momentos en que se está popularizan- do el movimiento de "datos abiertos" en distintos contex- tos: administración pública, ciencia y empresas, es impor- tante conocer cuál es el alcance que tiene. El término ha generado muchas expectativas relacionadas con la trans- parencia a todos los niveles, la reutilización y el libre acce- so. Aquí se hace una revisión de alguna de las expectativas generadas por este movimiento.

The associative world has historically played a leading role in the renewal of cycling in Île-de-France. It is now renewing in a context where the use of this mode of transport is becoming more widespread. Actions such as the ways in which citizens' actions are being implemented are changing, accompanying the increase in practice and the progressive taking into account of this method by public policies. ; Le monde associatif a eu historiquement un rôle prépondérant dans le renouveau du vélo en Île-de-France. Il se renouvelle aujourd'hui dans un contexte où l'usage de ce mode de transport se généralise. Les actions comme les modes d'actions du mouvement citoyen se transforment, accompagnant l'augmentation de la pratique ainsi que la prise en compte progressive de ce mode par les politiques publiques.

Summary: Oviedo Pastor, a young Honduran woman who arrived in Mexico to study and work, soon became involved in the anti-relectionary struggle, becoming a maderist soldier. The rise of Madero to power belonged to the group of close officials and political operators who had to flee from Mexico as a result of their fall or, from clandestinity, to villism or to join other revolutionary expressions. Oviedo Pastor continued to engage with revolutionary leaders and governments and some Mexican manual leaders until the 1940s. However, although it ultimately failed to establish itself in Mexico, it transhumed in Central American countries, doing independent journalism for many decades. ; Resumen: Oviedo Pastor, joven hondureño que llegó a México para estudiar y trabajar, pronto se involucró en la lucha antirreleccionista convirtiéndose en soldado maderista. Al ascenso de Madero al poder, perteneció al grupo de cercanos funcionarios y operadores políticos que, con su caída, tuvieron que huir de México, o bien, sumarse, desde la clandestinidad, al villismo o incorporarse a otras expresiones revolucionarias. Oviedo Pastor continuó relacionándose con líderes y gobiernos revolucionarios y algunos líderes obreros mexicanos hasta la década de 1940. Sin embargo, aunque no logró establecerse en definitiva en México, trashumó en países centroamericanos, haciendo periodismo independiente durante muchas décadas.

1070 1083 33 7 ; S ; [EN] Potato plants were grown in open-top chambers under three ozone concentrations during two complete cropping seasons (93 and 77 d in 2004 and 2005, respectively). The effects of chronic exposure to ozone on leaf anatomy, cell ultrastructure and crop yield were studied. Severe cell damage was found, even at ambient ozone levels, mainly affecting the spongy parenchyma and areas near the stomata. Damage to the cell wall caused loss of cell contact, and loss of turgor pressure due to tonoplast disintegration, contributed to cell collapse. Phloem sieve plates were obstructed by callose accumulation, and damaged mesophyll cells increased their starch stores. Tuber yield fell sharply (24–44%), due to the biggest tubers becoming smaller, which affected commercial yield. These anatomical findings show the mechanisms of ozone effect on assimilate partitioning, and thus crop yield decrease, in potato. Further implications of ozone causing reductions in belowground biomass are also discussed. The authors thank Prof Secundino del Valle (Valencia University, Spain) for his helpful comments. We are also grateful to Mr Duncan Gates for revising the English style of the text. AAF was supported by a grant from the Generalitat Valenciana's FPI programme (Government of Valencia, Spain). Asensi-Fabado, A.; García-Breijo, F.; Reig Armiñana, J. (2010). Ozone-induced reductions in below-ground biomass: an anatomical approach in potato. Plant, Cell and Environment. 33(7):1070-1083. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02128.x

This article explores the projects of intervention promoted by city governments in Quito and Guayaquil and applied on to gangster groups, under a preventive focus which is oriented towards stopping people at risk from becoming or remaining a threat to security and citizen harmony. ; Este artículo explora los proyectos de intervención sobre grupos pandilleros emprendidos por los municipios de Quito y Guayaquil bajo el enfoque preventivo, que está orientado a evitar que las poblaciones en riesgo se conviertan o se mantengan como amenazas para la seguridad y la convivencia ciudadana.

On a daily basis, workers must withstand the working conditions specific to their job, bear various risks in the working environment, meet physical demands (effort, gestures, postures) and also implement a range of psychological and mental skills while carrying out their work. All these aspects are sources of fatigue and, in many cases, wear and suffering, causing harm or adverse effects on your health. What is highlighted in the current socio-economic context is that, due to changes in production systems, scientific and technological development and the expansion of non-manual activities, work is becoming increasingly less and less physical work and a growing need for mental and mental efforts. Faculty of Economics ; De forma cotidiana, los trabajadores deben soportar las condiciones de trabajo propias de su puesto, sobrellevar distintos riesgos del medio ambiente de trabajo, hacer frente a exigencias físicas (esfuerzos, gestos, posturas) y, asimismo, poner en acción toda una serie de habilidades psíquicas y mentales mientras realizan su actividad. Todos estos aspectos constituyen fuentes de fatiga y, en muchos casos de desgaste y sufrimiento, causando daños o efectos adversos sobre su salud. Lo destacado del actual contexto socioeconómico es que, debido al cambio de los sistemas productivos, al desarrollo científico y tecnológico y a la expansión de las actividades no manuales, el trabajo implica en proporción cada vez menos carga física de trabajo y una creciente exigencia de esfuerzos psíquicos y mentales. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

Titel des vorliegenden Aufsatzes ist es, eine Analyse der von Walter Benjamin herausgegebenen und kommentierten Briefsammlung Deutsche Menschen zu liefern. Dieses 1936 pseudonym erschienene Buch dokumentiert die deutschsprachige Briefpraxis im 19. Jahrhundert Die Untersuchung soll zum Einen zeigen, wie Benjamin seine Lektüre dieser Briefe theoretisch untermauert, indem er eine Poetik des Briefeslesens entwickelt, die vor allem in einem Brief an Ernst Schoen vom 19. September 1919 zu finden ist. Zum anderen soll nach einer bündigen Rekonstruktion der Hintergründe des Projekts Deutsche Menschen die eigenartige Form der Zeitlichkeitskonzeption in den Blick genommen werden, die in Benjamins Auffassung mit dem Lesen der Briefe anderer einhergeht. In einem letzten Schritt wird gezeigt, wie die zeitliche Verdichtung, die diese Sammlung hervorbringt, von einer Verschränkung der Stimme Benjamins mit denjenigen der Briefverfasser begleitet wird, die eine versteckte Botschaft zur Situation Walter Benjamins in den 1930er Jahre und allgemein zur politischen Situation in Europa liefert. Stichwörter : ; International audience The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of the letter anthology Deutsche Menschen published and annotated by Walter Benjamin. This book was published 1936 under a pseudonym and keeps record of the German-language letter practice in the 19th century. The investigation will firstly show how Benjamin underpins his apprehension of these letters by developing a poetics of letters reading, which he presents especially in a letter to Ernst Schoen written on the 19th of September 1919. Secondly, after a succinct reconstruction of the backgrounds of the project Deutsche Menschen, the peculiar time conception, which is conveyed by Benjamin's way of reading letters should be taken into view. A final step will show how the temporal compression that this anthology brings about interlaces Benjamin's voice with those of the letter writers. This provides a hidden message on Walter Benjamin's situation in the ...

This article analyses the complexity of friendship between Jews and Christians at the time of the Enlightenment in Prusse. Firstly, the political and social situation of Jews in Prusse in the 18th century was discussed, highlighting the fragility of their status in Prussian society. The friendship links between Jewish Philosopher Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786) and the writer Gotthold Ephraïm Lessing (1729-1781) were then presented. This friendship was a kind of prototype of Judeo-Christian friendships. The article shows its impact on their works and its social and political impact. In a second stage, the circles of friends attending the trade fairs of Henriette Herz (1764-1847) and Rahel Varnhagen (1771-1833) were presented. Special consideration is given to the friendship between Henriette Herz and Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835). In conclusion, the different types of friendship between Jews and Christians are taken into account, depending on their own historical motivations and circumstances. ; Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Komplexität der Freundschaft zwischen Juden und Christen im Zeitalter der Aufklärung in Preußen. In einem ersten Schritt wird die politische und soziale Situation der Juden in Preußen im 18. Jahrhundert behandelt und betont, wie fragil ihr Stand in der preußischen Gesellschaft war. Die Freundschaftsbeziehung zwischen dem jüdischen Philosophen Moses Mendelsohn (1729–1786) und dem Schriftsteller Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781) steht anschließend im Mittelpunkt. Diese Freundschaft kann als eine Art Prototyp der jüdisch-christlichen Freundschaften gelten. Der Beitrag zeigt, welchen Einfluss sie auf ihre Werke und auf ihr soziales und politisches Umfeld hatte. In einem zweiten Schritt wendet sich die Untersuchung den Freundeskreisen zu, die die Salons von Henriette Herz (1764–1847) und von Rahel Varnhagen (1771–1833) besuchten. Die Freundschaft, die Henriette Herz und Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) verband, wird in diesem Zusammenhang besonders untersucht. Zum Schluss werden die ...

The hyperconnection, de-escalation and acceleration of social life that characterise globalisation mean that the concepts of territory, border and belonging to the political community are remarkable. While capital, business and tourism are becoming increasingly transnational, in the era of globalisation, walls, fences and restrictive migration policies are proliferating, putting migrants in a particularly vulnerable situation. The perspective of intersectionality makes it possible to identify both the situations of particular vulnerability of migrants — at the intersection of multiple generalised and racialised structures of migration — and the interconnection between the various factors that define the situations of power and privilege in a dynamic manner. Putting the focus on the negotiation of identity in migration processes from this perspective makes it possible to see a space for redefining resilience and the individual agency. This article argues that the preliminary position of 'living between borders' can create fertile ground for rethinking the basic concepts of social organisation, abandoning outdated concepts. This article has been developed in the context of the projects 'Human rights at the intersection of gender and migration' (RYC-2017-23010) and 'The subjective dimension of citizenship: conceptions, legal practice and individual strategies in Italy and Spain' (PID2019-104 706 GB-I00) of which the author is IP. In addition, it is a contribution to the project "Frontiers, Democracy and Global Justice" (PGC2018-093656-B-I00), of which the author is a member of its team. ; Peer reviewed ; The hyperconnection, de-escalation and acceleration of social life that characterise globalisation mean that the concepts of territory, border and belonging to the political community are remarkable. While capital, business and tourism are becoming increasingly transnational, in the era of globalisation, walls, fences and restrictive migration policies are proliferating, putting migrants in a particularly ...

In France de Vichy, the new legal condition of Jewish, introduced by the Statute of 3 October 1940, suddenly moves away from the subject of study by legal specialists and is becoming an imperative in the world of education. How does the race-right pair fit into the daily teaching practices of French legal faculties? What was the role played by the transmission of anti-Semitic law in the process of accustoming specialists in the right to the new racial qualification? focusing on the Faculty of Law in Paris during the dark years of German Occupation, this study is intended to provide a wealth of answers to these questions, trying to understand the degree of involvement of teachers and students in the new regime and in the application of measures to exclude civil servants and students 'regarded as Jews'; to determine the place given to the Jewish Statute in the training of young French lawyers in the 1940s and to measure the participation of the faculty in the process of metabolising anti-Semitic law. ; In Vichy France, the Jewish new legal status, introduced by the Statute of 3rd October 1940, suddenly becomes an object of study for scholars in law, reaches and frames education. How are the twin themes of race and law structured in daily teaching practices within Law French faculties ? What has been the role played by the transmission of anti-Semitic Law in the habituation process of Law scholars with respect to the new racial qualification ?Focused on Paris Law Faculty during the dark years of German occupation, this study aims at providing some answers to these questions by trying to grasp the degree of involvement of faculty and students in the new regime and in the implementation of the policy whose purpose was to exclude staff and students "regarded as Jews". Moreover, we shall enquire into the role given to the Jews Statute in the training of young French lawyers during the 1940s and the participation of the faculty in the metabolisation process of anti-Semitic Law. ; In France de Vichy, the new legal ...

Summary In the development of colonial Guadalajara the second order institutions had a spaced and late appearance, and their presence was smaller than in cities such as Mexico and Puebla, despite being the seat of the Royal Audiencia de Nueva Galicia and the Obispado de Guadalajara. The aim of this article is to understand the foundation of women's congregations and to discern why one or other monastic branch was established. Its study also makes it possible to identify the strategies and interests of each establishment, the electoral influences, the promotion and prevalence of certain religious orders over others, and even the conflicts between the ecclesiastical authorities and those of the Royal Court. ; Resumen En el devenir de la Guadalajara colonial las instituciones de segundas órdenes tuvieron una aparición espaciada y tardía, y su presencia fue menor que en ciudades como México y Puebla, pese a ser sede de la Real Audiencia de Nueva Galicia y el obispado de Guadalajara. El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la fundación de las congregaciones femeninas y discernir por qué se estableció una u otra rama monástica. Su estudio, además permite identificar las estrategias e intereses que de cada establecimiento, las influencias devocionales, el impulso y prevalencia de ciertas órdenes religiosas sobre otras, e incluso, los conflictos entre las autoridades eclesiásticas y las de la Real Audiencia.