Suchergebnisse

Los Reales Sitios españoles, hasta la fecha, han sido estudiados únicamente desde un punto de vista artístico y en su función de descanso y divertimento de los monarcas y de su familia. Sin embargo, desde la metodología de los estudios de la Corte, tales lugares cobran un significado mucho más relevante y se sitúan en el contexto de la formación y evolución de la organización política de la Monarquía Hispana. El presente artículo pretende profundizar en dicha línea mediante el estudio de uno de los principales oficios de dichos Sitios Reales, como era el de los capellanes, en especial por el papel que dichos lugares jugaron desde época de Felipe II en el Confesionalismo que el "Rey Prudente" pretendió implantar en la Monarquía Hispana. Sin duda, los capellanes de los Sitios Reales tuvieron un notable papel en este aspecto, al acercar a los habitantes de dichos lugares la ideología que se pretendía implantar desde la Capilla Real. Para ello, debían tener un perfil y una carrera determinados, recibiendo diversas prebendas si cumplían a satisfacción las misiones que se les encomendaban, aspectos todos ellos que se abordan en este estudio para el reinado de Felipe IV ; The spanish Royal Sites have been studied, until few years ago, only from an artistic point of view and in its function of relaxation and enjoyment of the monarchs and their family. However, those places could have a much more relevant meaning if we study them from the point of view of the methodology of the Court Studies. This way they can be placed in the context of the formation and evolution of the political organization of the Spanish monarchy. This article aims to deepen that research line through the study of one of the most relevant offices of those Royal Sites, as it was that of chaplains, especially by the role played by these sites in the Confessionalisation that Philip II intended to implement in the Spanish monarchy. Undoubtedly, the chaplains of the Royal Sites had a notable role in this aspect, when approaching the inhabitants of these places the ideology that was intended to implement from the Royal Chapel. To do so, they should had an specific profile and career, receiving various prebends if they fulfilled to the satisfaction the missions that were entrusted them; all these aspects are addressed in this study for the reign of Philip IV ; Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias a la ayuda proveniente del proyecto de investigación La reconfiguración de los espacios cortesanos: los Sitios Reales (HAR 2012-37308-C05-02), del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

When I first heard this account of my father's early motivation to take up international law I cannot remember, but it surfaces again, I believe, in the Columbia University oral history. His experience in the trenches in France towards the end of the First World War was the key. He was in the infantry, carrying a light machine gun, and fought through a number of the terminal battles with the American Expeditionary Forces. Although he was shipped back at the end of the war as a West Point candidate, he mustered out at the earliest opportunity to resume civilian life and complete his undergraduate degree at Hamilton College.

En la actualidad existe un conjunto de palacios y jardines históricos, diseminados por la geografía española, denominados "Sitios Reales". Tales lugares son centros turísticos de éxito y han sido objeto de numerosos y excelentes estudios de investigación por parte de los historiadores del arte. No obstante, apenas si existen estudios en los que se haya abordado el sentido de tales palacios y jardines más allá de asignarles una función de descanso y divertimiento de los reyes y sus familias. Sin embargo, desde la metodología de los estudios de la Corte, tales lugares cobran un significado mucho más relevante y se sitúan en el contexto de la formación y evolución de la organización política de la Monarquía Hispana. El reinado de Felipe IV sería de fundamental relevancia en la configuración del sistema de Sitios Reales y en el reforzamiento de su vinculación con la Corte, tal y como estudiamos en este artículo, aunque apenas se haya reparado en ello con anterioridad. ; Currently, we have all around Spain historical palaces and gardens, named "Sitios Reales" (Royal Sites). Those places are successful touristical centers and have been studied several times by the art historians, paying special atention for its artistical elements and the artists that worked there. Nonetheless, there are not many studies in which the sense of those locations has been treated, beyond its use as places where the royal families used to rest and hunt. However, those places could have a much more relevant meaning if we study them from the point of view of the methodology of the studies of the Court. This way they can be placed in the context of the formation and evolution of the political organization of the Spanish Monarchy. The reign of Philip IV had a crucial relevance in the configuration of the system of the "Sitios Reales", which during this period became firmly integrated whithin the system of the Court, an aspect that has not been studied previously.

The article studies the tradition of exchanging gifts during diplomatic negotiations for marriage using a historical reconstruction of the trip of the English Prince Charles Stuart to Madrid in 1623 to negotiate his marriage with the Spanish Infanta Maria as a crucial case. The heir to the English throne personally arrived in Madrid «incognito» to speed up the negotiations. These circumstances created problems for the Spanish side because the reception ceremony was not developed for such a case. Besides, the «incognito» trip complicated the question of exchanging gifts. Later, such trips of monarchs would become a common practice. However, this case was one of the first precedents which forced the existing ceremonial procedure of gift exchange to undergo modifications. The article focuses on functions of exchanging gifts during marriage negotiations and studies the effects of an «incognito» trip on the course of the negotiations.The research is based on the letters of king James and his son Charles and eyewitness reports from the English and Spanish sides. The article claims that Prince Charles' trip «incognito» changed the traditional procedure of exchanging gifts: the exchange happened before the prince's departure and was initiated by the Spanish side. Nevertheless, this ritual has not lost its symbolism and significance in the rhetoric of negotiations. Gifts were used as a means of communication, an indicator of the influence of states and the way of their self-presentation.

En los últimos años las investigaciones sobre la guerra de sucesión española han puesto en cuestión la visión tradicional sobre la actitud de la alta nobleza. Esta ha sido tildada tradicionalmente de una fidelidad sospechosa a la causa borbónica ante la pérdida de su protagonismo político. Uno de los argumentos principales para ello ha sido la deserción del Duque de Uceda, embajador de España ante el Papa, en las postrimerías de la contienda, que parece confirmarla. El Archivo Histórico Nacional conserva una importante colección de las cartas enviadas por Uceda a sus secretario en Madrid Felix de la Cruz Aedo durante los últimos años de su embajada, que hasta el presente no ha sido utilizada por los estudiosos al encontrarse aún en clave buena parte. Ofrecemos aquí la trascripción descifrada de estas cartas, lo que ayudará a conocer mejor la política exterior ―o la falta de ella― de Felipe V y a matizar nuestro conocimiento sobre la actitud de la alta nobleza española durante la guerra de sucesión. ; In the last years the investigations on the Spanish Succession War have questioned the traditional vision on the attitude of the high nobility. This one has been labelled traditionally as a suspicious loyalty to the Bourbon cause due to the decline of its political protagonism. One of the principal arguments for it has been the desertion of the Duke of Uceda, ambassador of Spain before the Pope, in the twilights of the war, event which seems to confirm that interpretation. The Archivo Histórico Nacional preserves an important collection of the letters sent by Uceda to his secretary in Madrid, Félix de la Cruz Aedo, during the last years of his embassy, correspondence that up to the present has not been used by the experts due to the fact that it is coded in its most. The deciphered trascription of these letters is presented here, in order to contribute to a better knowledge of Philip V's international politics ―or the lack of them―, and to qualify our knowledge about the attitude of the Spanish high nobility during the Succession War. ; Dans les dernières années, les recherches sur la Guerre de Succession espagnole ont mis en question la vision traditionnelle sur l'attitude de la haute noblesse. Cette-ci a été traditionnellement traitée d'une fidélité suspecte à la cause bourbonnienne, du à la perte de son rôle politique principal. L'un des arguments principaux pour cela a été la désertion du Duc d'Uceda, ambassadeur de l'Espagne devant le Pape, à la fin du conflit, ce qui semble confirmer cet interpretation-là. L'Archivo Histórico Nacional conserve une collection importante des lettres envoyées par Uceda à son secrétaire à Madrid, Félix de la Cruz Aedo, pendant les dernières années de son ambassade. Cette correspondance n'a pas été utilisé jusqu'au présent par les spécialistes, principalement du au fait qu'elle apparaîtrait chiffré dans sa majeure partie. Nous offrons ici le trascripción déchiffrée de ces lettres, ce qui aidera à connaître mieux la politique extérieure ―ou la manque d'elle― de Philippe V, aussi bien qu'à nuancer notre connaissance sur l'attitude de la haute noblesse espagnole pendant la Guerre de Succession.

In this paper we will endeavor to inquire the origin and political career of the Venetian ambassadors in the Spanish court during the reign of Philip IV, as well as delimit the essential elements in the face of their election as legacies of the Serenissima. In view of this, it should be noted that, in regard to electoral processes, Venetian law was extremely stern: seeking to limit the presence of members of the same household in the different embassies or to reduce the prominence of non-institutional relations, whom were considered corruption. Notwithstanding, in the following pages we will try to highlight the ineffectiveness of these regulatory mechanisms to minimize the influence of personal and family interests in order to obtain such important representation positions. ; En el presente ensayo pretendemos ahondar en el origen y carrera política de los embajadores venecianos en la corte española durante el reinado de Felipe IV, así como delimitar qué elementos fueron esenciales de cara a su elección como legados de laSerenissima. Con vistas a ello, es preciso señalar que, en lo tocante a los procesos electorales, la ley veneciana era sumamente estricta, buscando limitar la presencia de miembros de una misma casa en las distintas embajadas o mermar en las votaciones el peso de las relaciones no institucionales, las cuales eran consideradas corrupción. Antes bien, en las próximas páginas trataremos de poner de manifiesto la ineficacia de estos mecanismos a la hora de minimizar la influencia de los intereses personales y familiares de cara a la obtención de tan importantes cargos de representación.