Suchergebnisse

Public authorities, a form of special purpose government, have often been associated with an effective, if authoritarian, implementation of public policy objectives. In the late 1980s, a group of counties in New York State made a choice about whether or not to create a public authority to site and develop an incinerator or landfill. Although the practitioners who created the public authorities expected them to perform well in a contentious political setting, a survey of the state indicates that the public authorities actually completed very few projects. This finding holds even controlling for key task and environmental variables.

A group of Canadian scholars from a variety of disciplines (law, religious studies, philosophy, social sciences, anthropology and theology) have produced a volume with the primary aim of exposing the legal and political assumptions underlying the concept of state neutrality and its limits as a governing ideal.

The meaning and entailment of the religious neutrality of the state : the case of public employees / Jocelyn Maclure -- Against circumspection : judges, religious symbols, and signs of moral independence / Benjamin L Berger -- Religious lawyering and legal ethics / Faisal Bhabha -- Managing and imagining religion in Canada from the top and the bottom : 15 years after / Paul Bramadat -- God keep our land : the legal ritual of the McKenna-McBride Royal Commission, 1913-16 / Pamela E Klassen -- In/visible religion in public institutions : Canadian Muslim public servants / Amélie Barras, Jennifer A Selby, and Lori G Beaman -- The prayer case saga in Canada : an expert insider? : perspective on praying in the political and public arenas / Solange Lefebvre -- Physicians' rights to conscientious objection / Bruce Ryder -- Conscientious objections by civil servants : the case of marriage commissioners and same-sex civil marriages / Richard Moon -- A freedom of religion-based argument against religious schools / Daniel M Weinstock -- "Open house/portes ouvertes" : classrooms as sites of interfaith interface / Shauna Van Praagh

Offers a theory of compliance and authority that wouild be applicable to behavior concerning economic contracts, law, enforcement, and international relations. It examiones the problem of compliance in centralized (e.g. national and state laws) and decentralized (international treaties) systems. Applies the theory to explain the level of compliance with Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty anf the International North Pacific Fisheries Convention. Originally published in 1979.

The study examines the relationship between the evolution of the concept of public power and changes in perceptions of the role of local government in the political system. The epistemological content of the concept of "public authority" has been clarified. It shows that, despite the rather wide range of meanings in which this concept can be used, its application has not allowed us to find a way out of the "institutional trap", which consists in the difficulty of integrating local governments, as non-governmental institutions, with state bodies in a single system. The author believes that this conflict between the needs of political practice and regulatory requirements is due to the confluence of circumstances caused by the struggle of actors during the period of political confrontation between the legislative and executive authorities in October 1993. However, the lack of socio-economic support necessary for the full functioning of the institute inevitably made it turn into the "lower level" of the state administration system, disguising the municipal government as a non-governmental organization. The functioning of formally self-governing, but effectively state bodies at the local level has a number of negative consequences. Organizational and legal ways out of the "institutional trap" are proposed.

ABSTRACTSince the early 1990s, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have established semi-autonomous revenue authorities (ARAs), organisationally distinct from ministries of finance, with some real operational autonomy, and with staff paid at rates substantially higher than those in comparable public sector jobs. This has been seen by some observers as a step to dilute the power of the central state executive. We demonstrate that this is a misreading of the story of revenue authorities in Africa. Both African governments and the international development agencies involved in the reforms see ARAs as a means of increasing central government revenues, and thus enlarging the authority of the (central) state. To date, there is little sign that the creation of revenue agencies has actually increased public revenues. It has, however, facilitated a range of reforms in the ways in which taxes are assessed and collected, and deflected pressures that might otherwise have emerged for substantial privatisation of tax collection.