Suchergebnisse

One of the most pressing issues confronting the multilateral trade system is the challenge posed by the rapid proliferation of preferential trade agreements. Plenty has been written about why governments might choose to negotiate preferentially or multilaterally, but until now it has been written almost exclusively from the perspective of governments. We know very little about how non-state actors view this issue of 'forum choice', nor how they position themselves to influence choices by governments about whether to emphasize PTAs or the WTO. This book addresses that issue squarely through case studies of trade policy-making and forum choice in eight developing countries: Chile, Colombia, Mexico, South Africa, Kenya, Jordan, Indonesia and Thailand. The case studies are based on original research by the authors, including interviews with state and non-state actors involved in the trade policy-making process in the eight countries of this study

Non-state actors and the applicable international law on responsibility -- Non-state actors that exercise governmental authority -- Attribution based on perceived state control over non-state actors -- State responsibility for previous conduct as a non-state actor -- Conduct of non-state actors that is acknowledged and adopted by states -- State complicity in the wrongdoing of non-state actors -- Due diligence failings of states that contribute to the wrongdoing of non-state actors -- New tests for new futures.

Intro -- Foreword -- Abstract -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 In Brief: What is the GCM? -- 1.2 Why Research the Role and Influence of NSAs and Local Authorities? -- 1.3 Goals of this Book and Research Question -- 1.4 Key Findings -- 1.5 Overview of Chapters -- 2 Key Concepts, Theory, and the Emergence of Global Migration Governance -- 2.1 Actors Other than States in the International (Governance) System -- 2.1.1 Understanding Global Governance -- 2.1.2 International Relations Theories and Actors Other than States -- 2.1.3 Non-state Actors' Emergence in the International System -- 2.2 The Emergence of a Global Governance on Migration -- 2.2.1 The Early Stages of Migration Governance: Building Norms and Institutions (1919-1989) -- 2.2.2 The Emergence of Conversations, New Approaches and Stock-taking on the Global Level (1990-2006) -- 2.2.3 The Era of Migration and Development (2006-2015) -- 2.2.4 Setting up a New Architecture for Global Migration Governance: The New York Declaration, the GCM and GCR (2015-2018) -- 2.2.5 Post GCM and GCR: Insecure Times of Implementation, Review, and Follow-up -- 2.3 Understanding the actors under investigation -- 2.3.1 Non-state actors -- 2.3.2 Individual Non-state Actor Groups and their Role in Migration Governance -- 2.3.3 Similar but Different: Local Authorities as Actors in Migration Governance -- 3 Framework of Analysis -- 3.1 Measuring Influence-A Broader Concept and Approach for Social Sciences -- 3.1.1 Defining "influence" -- 3.1.2 Influence in Relation to Power -- 3.1.3 How NSAs Exert Influence -- 3.1.4 How Actors Collaborate: Transnational Advocacy Coalitions and Networks -- 3.2 Triangulation as an Approach to Assess Influence -- 3.2.1 Time Period and Actors Under Investigation -- 3.2.2 Data Types -- 3.2.3 Data Sources.

"This book explores the role and relevance of non-state actors (NSAs) in the international system by analyzing the ways these actors gain influence in the United Nations (UN). Offering a systematic, theoretical and empirical account of how NSAs, contest and potentially change state sovereignty through the UN the author considers the successes and failures of national liberation movements and indigenous peoples and examines how and under what conditions such a challenge is possible. This book will be of great interest to scholars and graduate students in the fields of international law, politics, history, human rights and governance. It will be especially useful to those with an interest in the proliferation of non-state actors in the international system and the role and relevance of Intergovernmental Organizations"--

This volume focusses on non-state actors and political conflicts but also attends to the broader themes of the series. The research emphases the roles and motivations of non-state actors in conflicts or post-conflict situations in the post-Cold War era; as well outlining the dynamics of social movements, conflicts, or change

This paper examines the participation of stakeholders in environmental policy formulation and implementation. After a short discussion of the main functions and challenges of environmental governance the paper addresses the issue of stakeholder participation and the claim of "democratic deficits" in international environmental governance. It stresses that while non-state actor involvement does not necessarily increase democratic legitimacy, it may nevertheless increase the quality of the environmental policy processes. It will then argue that certain international processes such as the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) have led to an unsatisfactory situation of non-state actor involvement where excessive formalization and proceduralization impede active interaction and input of expertise from non-state actors. It seems that the interaction between state and non-state actors in some of today's international processes, such as the CSD, has led to a zero-sum gamewhere no party is really benefiting from the contributions of the other. This paper will suggest several changes to get beyond this zero-sum game mentality, including de-formalization of participation, replacement of generalist non-governmental organizations with those that specialize in specific fields, and reformation of the relationship between state and non-state actors so that each might come to see the other as a partner, not as a competitor. It will conclude by arguing that neither the alleged lack of an authoritative, effective central institution addressing the main environmental problems, nor the so-called "democratic deficit" is the main challenge to today's international environmental governance, but the lack of political will. Political will, however, is not an absolute; it can and has to be stimulated. And this may be one of the most productive contributions that non-state actors can make.