Suchergebnisse

The author explores problems and prospects of economic co-operation between the USSR and the newly industrialized countries (NICs) of Asia (South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong). He points out that Singapore firms were among the first in the region to set up joint ventures with Soviet partners. He shows that the root cause of all the difficulties between the USSR and the Asian NICs is the virtual incompatibility of the two economic systems - the developed market economy of the NICs and the centralized bureaucratic economy of the USSR. (DÜI-Sen)

Historically closely associated with interventionist growth strategies, the demise of corporatism was widely predicted as neo-liberalism became the dominant economic paradigm from the late 1970s. The experience of social dialogue and social pacts in continental Europe during the 1980s and 90s, however, suggests that corporatism may have found a new economic purpose in the era of neo-liberalism. Similarly, in the developing world, the intellectual aversion to government accommodation of 'special interest groups' that accompanied the early phase of economic liberalization has given way to a more sophisticated appreciation of the economic advantages of social compromise. Using the case of South Korea, a country that recently established a social pact in support of its economic liberalization drive, this paper seeks to extend our knowledge about the compatibility between neo-liberalism and incorporation. The results contribute to the wider debate about the possibilities of diverse patterns of government-business-labour relations under 'actually existing' neo-liberalism. As one of the most advanced and successful newly industrialized countries, South Korea shares structural-institutional affinities with both advanced and developing societies. Hence, it represents an intermediate case of relevance to both the mature European and 'third wave' democracies.

Historically closely associated with interventionist growth strategies, the demise of corporatism was widely predicted, as neoliberalism became the dominant economic paradigm from the late 1970s. The experience of social dialogue & social pacts in continental Europe during the 1980s & 1990s, however, suggests that corporatism may have found a new economic purpose in the era of neoliberalism. Similarly, in the developing world, the intellectual aversion to government accommodation of special interest groups that accompanied the early phase of economic liberalization has given way to a more sophisticated appreciation of the economic advantages of social compromise. Using the case of South Korea, a country that recently established a social pact in support of its economic liberalization drive, this paper seeks to extend our knowledge about the compatibility between neoliberalism & incorporation. The results contribute to the wider debate about the possibilities of diverse patterns of government-business-labor relations under "actually existing" neoliberalism. As one of the most advanced & successful newly industrialized countries, South Korea shares structural-institutional affinities with both advanced & developing societies. Hence, it represents an intermediate case of relevance to both the mature European & "third wave" democracies. 6 Tables, 1 Figure, 46 References. Adapted from the source document.

Der Autor untersucht anhand ausgewählter Statistiken die Entwicklung des Exportanteils der Newly Industrialized Countries am Welthandel und stellt deren relativ erfolgreiche Ausfuhrsteigerung die stagnierende Entwicklung des Exports der afrikanischen Länder gegenüber, die bis auf die RSA nicht zur oben genannten Ländergruppe gehören. Die Statistiken und der Text geben u.a. einen Überblick über die Entwicklung des Pro-Kopf-Einkommens in den verschiedenen Regionen der Welt, über den Anteil der Ausfuhren an der Inlandsproduktion sowie über die wichtigsten Exportwarengruppen. Der Autor skizziert die globalen Faktoren, die die erfolgreiche exportorientierte Entwicklung der NICs ermöglicht haben und erläutert die wirtschaftspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen des besonders erfolgreichen Landes Korea. Im Gegensatz dazu steht das im Vergleich zu allen Entwicklungsländern unterdurchschnittlich verlaufende Wachstum der afrikanischen Ökonomien und ihrer Exporte. In einer abschließenden Analyse empfiehlt der Autor den afrikanischen Ländern, einschneidende politische und wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um eine an (welt)marktwirtschaftlichen Kriterien ausgerichtete Belebung ihrer Volkswirtschaften und des Exportsektors zu erreichen. Als ungenutztes Wachstumspotential werden die afrikanischen Rohstoffreserven und der unterentwickelte innerafrikanische Handel angesehen. (DÜI-Ply)

In the fight against climate change, the utilization of renewable energy resources is being encouraged in every country all over the world to lessen the emissions of greenhouse gases. However, not all countries are able to efficiently utilize these resources, and instead of providing solutions, the inefficient use of renewable energy may lead to even more damage to the environment. Data from eight countries belonging to the highly industrialized countries (HIC) group and nine from newly industrialized countries (NIC) group were used to evaluate the energy utilization of these groups. Factors such as total renewable energy capacity, the labor force, and total energy consumption were considered to be the input factors, while, CO2 emission and gross domestic product are the output factors. These factors were used to calculate efficiency scores of every country from 2013 to 2018 using the undesirable output model of Data envelopment analysis (DEA). The grey prediction model was also used to measure the forecasted values of the input and output factors for the year 2019 to 2022, and measure again the future efficiency scores of the HICs and NICs. The combination of grey prediction and DEA undesirable output model made this paper unusual and the most appropriate method in dealing with data that contains both desired and undesired outputs. The results show that the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and the United States continuously top the efficiency ranking among the HIC group, with a perfect 1.0 efficiency score from 2013 to 2022. Russia demonstrates the lowest score of 0.1801 and is expected to perform the same low-efficiency score in the future. Within the NIC group, Indonesia can be highlighted for performing with perfect efficiency starting from the year 2015 and even through 2022. Other NICs are performing at a very low-efficiency, with scores ranging from 0.2278 to 0.2734 on average, with Turkey displaying the lowest rank. This study recommends some useful strategies to improve the utilization of renewable energy resources such as improvements in the political and legal structure surrounding their use and regulation, tax incentives or exemptions to private power producers to encourage shifting away from conventional energy production, partnerships with non-governmental and international organizations that can provide assistance in managing renewable energies, strengthening of the energy sector&rsquo ; s research and development activities and long-term strategic plans for the development in renewable energy with considerations to the social, environmental, and economic impact on each country.

AbstractThis article analyzes the political‐institutional determinants of bureaucracy quality among a group of newly industrialized countries in Latin America and East Asia democratized in the Third Wave. Four causal conditions are examined for the occurrence of higher levels of bureaucratic "weberianess" in the selected cases: historical sequence, political parties' institutionalization, electoral competition, and ethnic politics. The study employs the fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the expectation that each of these conditions' implications depends on other conditions' presence or absence. The findings disconfirm claims about the critical role of party system institutionalization for Weberian bureaucracies in new democracies. Besides, the analysis did not declare a professional public administration's prior existence before democratization as a necessary or sufficient condition for the outcome of interest. Finally, although the electoral competition was declared necessary for the outcome occurrence, it does not imply the same result if combined with ethnic politics.