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"October 11, 1986." ; Shipping list no.: 86-769-P. ; Mode of access: Internet.

AbstractRecently, Luke Munn attacked "AI ethics" generally, or guidelines, principles, codes of ethics, ethical frameworks. In particular, he argued that ethical guidelines are useless. Here I respond to this critique, arguing that Munn's criticism is mostly unfair and misguided, and that his own proposal is already implemented in various guidelines.

Additional guidelines thatThe Nationalset for its reporters to follow in coverage of political stories during the June general election.

Past studies on military expenditures in the United States have primarily focused on the extent to which guns versus butter trade-offs are prevalent without examining this relationship in the context of how other fiscal policy tools are used to pay for defense. Using annual data from 1947-2007, this study examines the relative importance of defense financing policy measures, such as guns versus butter trade-offs, tax increases, and deficit spending in paying for defense. The results show evidence of guns versus butter trade-off during the Reagan Era, but not during other periods. Both federal tax policy and deficit spending have played influential roles in funding defense spending during peacetime. This modeling strategy points to the importance of analyzing the effects of multiple fiscal policy tools when studying the forces that drive military spending in the United States since World War II. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]

Past studies on military expenditures in the United States have primarily focused on the extent to which guns versus butter trade-offs are prevalent without examining this relationship in the context of how other fiscal policy tools are used to pay for defense. Using annual data from 1947–2007, this study examines the relative importance of defense financing policy measures, such as guns versus butter trade-offs, tax increases, and deficit spending in paying for defense. The results show evidence of guns versus butter trade-off during the Reagan Era, but not during other periods. Both federal tax policy and deficit spending have played influential roles in funding defense spending during peacetime. This modeling strategy points to the importance of analyzing the effects of multiple fiscal policy tools when studying the forces that drive military spending in the United States since World War II.