Suchergebnisse

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kritinių socialinių mokslų samprata ir jų vieta platesnėse metodologinėse šiuolaikinės socialinių mokslų filosofijos diskusijose (ypač diskusijose dėl natūralizmo). Analizuojami du pamatiniai kritinių socialinių mokslų bruožai – metodologinis antinatūralizmas ir kritinė vertybinė nuostata. Straipsnyje tvirtinama, jog kritinė vertybinė nuostata numato itin siaurą vertybių sampratą (suprantant vertybes kaip nuostatas, nurodančias tyrimo tikslus), kurios laikydamiesi kritinių socialinių mokslų filosofai nepajėgia įrodyti būtino ryšio tarp kritinės vertybinės pozicijos ir konkrečios metodologinės pozicijos. Todėl kritinę vertybinę nuostatą įmanoma sieti tiek su natūralistine, tiek su interpretacine metodologija.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kritiniai socialiniai mokslai, natūralizmas, interpretacinė prieiga, vertybinis neutralumas socialiniuose moksluose.Are Critical Naturalist Social Sciences Possible?Kęstas KirtiklisSummaryThe article deals with the conception of critical social sciences and their place in the wider context of methodological debates, particularly in the naturalism debate in contemporary philosophy of social sciences. The article analyzes two basic characteristics of critical social sciences – methodological antinaturalism and critical axiological position. It is argued that because of excessively narrow notion of values (values as research-directing attitudes) implied by the critical axiological position philosophers of critical social sciences fail to demonstrate a necessary link between critical axiological attitude and particular methodology. Therefore, it is possible to relate critical axiology with naturalist as well as with interpretive methodology.Keywords: critical social sciences, naturalism, interpretivism, value-neutrality in social sciences.

[First paragraph]1865 was a crucial year for Jamaica. In October, the Morant Bay Rebellion transformed the colony's political structure as well as that of most of the British Caribbean. Led by a native Baptist deacon, Paul Bogle, the rebellion engulfed the parish of St. Thomas in the East. The subsequent repression by British forces and by the Jamaican Maroons resulted in the deaths of nearly 500 blacks. Yet although the rebellion itself has received considerable attention, there has been relatively little discussion about the nine months which preceded the outbreak (Craton 1988; Curtin 1955; Green 1976; Hall 1959; Heuman 1981; Robotham 1981). This is surprising in light of the highly politicized state of the island during most of 1865. This paper therefore seeks to discuss these developments; it focuses especially on island politics and on the widescale public meetings which took place throughout the island during the year.1

A Queer Reading of 1970s-1980s Italian Women's Writing -- From Madonna to Whore, or Femininity Undone -- The Fall of the Patriarch, or Masculinity Undone -- Queer Time: Overthrowing the Bourgeois, Reproductive Imperative -- Queer Space: Physical and Symbolical Dis/locations off the Normative Path -- Sexual Fluidity and Textual Hybridity in Autobiographical Women's Writing -- Conclusion.

Abstract: Water is a vital requirement for all living creatures. Standards for monitoring drinking water and clean water for other uses are rare. Besides that, water sources such as wells are contaminated by many pollutants. According to the laboratory results conducted by the Tuminting Public Health Centre, wells used in the Tuminting District, Manado, have experienced E. coli contamination. The aim of this research was to identify factors associated with E. coli in the water of wells in the Tuminting District. The method used in this research was descriptive analysis. Through interviews and checklists of wells' owners, primary data were collected and then laboratory examinations of well-water samples were carried out. Secondary data were collected from the Health Department of Manado, and the Health Centre and the District Office of Tuminting. We used 30 water samples by simple random sampling of 67 wells. Data were analyzed through univariate and bivariate correlation tests. The results showed that E. coli in well water used by the public in the Tuminting District exceeded the standard of clean water according to the Regulations of the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia No.416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 and of drinking water according to the Decree of Health Ministry No. 907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the distance of wells to septic tanks and the E. coli contents in well water. We suggest that the government improve the construction of wells and septic tanks, provide qualified water supply, and introduce the usage of chlorine to achieve clean water and a better all round health status for the Tuminting public. Keywords : water, wells, E coli, septic tank Abstrak: Air merupakan kebutuhan vital bagi semua mahluk hidup. Standar monitoring air minum maupun untuk penggunaan lainnya masih jarang. Selain itu, sumber air seperti sumur telah dicemari oleh berbagai polutan. Hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dilaksanakan oleh Puskesmas Tuminting menunjukkan bahwa sumur gali di kelurahan Tuminting telah tercemar Esherichia coli. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan faktor-faktor yang berperan terhadap pencemaran E. coli dalam air sumur kelurahan Tuminting. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif analitik. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan pemilik sumur gali dengan menggunakan check list, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium terhadap sampel air sumur gali. Data sekunder diambil dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Manado serta Puskesmas Tuminting dan Kantor Kelurahan Tuminting. Sampel ditentukan dengan metode simple random dan diperoleh 30 sampel air dari 67 sumur gali. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan E. coli dalam air sumur gali yang digunakan oleh masyarakat di Kelurahan Tuminting melebihi standar baku mutu air bersih sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 maupun dari air minum sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002. Selain itu terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jarak sumur gali ke septic tank dan kandungan E. Coli dalam air sumur gali. Disarankan kepada pihak pemerintah daerah untuk melakukan perbaikan konstruksi sumur gali maupun septic tank, menyediakan air bersih yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan, dan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang penggunaan air bersih dan kaporisasi. Kata Kunci: air, sumur gali, E. coli, septic tank

Die Artikel konzentrieren sich in der Mehrzahl auf die Person Dr. Butrus Galis, seine Verdienste als Journalist, seine diplomatische Karriere in Ägypten, seine Rolle als UN-Generalsekretär sowie auf die ausländischen und arabischen Reaktionen auf seine Wahl, seine Position zur arabischen Einheit und zum Nord-Süd-Dialog. (DÜI-Sra)

According to Elsa Morante, what is the role of writers, of literature and more gener-ally of art in the vision that emerges from the text of the conference, held in 1965, entitledPro o contro la bomba atomica?Starting from the debate of those years on issues of political ur-gency, Morante reflects on the role of the writer, or poet, in the face of social changes, ex-pressing a problematic and not without contradiction vision that is affected by the intellectual climate of that historical period. The atomic bomb becomes for her an occasion of expression, as well as a metaphor, of an unease that constantly oscillates between tendencies to surrender and a fighting and tenacious spirit. This essay is therefore positioned as a watershed between a before, in which trust in the real is still visible, and an after increasingly hallucinated and apocalyptic