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Does life in the city foster mistrust of others? This study tests four connected hypotheses about urban mistrust by comparing the City of Chicago to suburbs, small cities, towns, and rural areas. The Urban Mistrust Hypothesis is that urban residents are more mistrusting than residents of places outside the city. The Neighborhood Disadvantage Hypothesis is that mistrust increases with the prevalence of economic and social disadvantage in one's neighborhood, which accounts for some of the mistrust associated with urban residence. The Individual Disadvantage Hypothesis is that socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals are more mistrusting than others, which accounts for some of the mistrust associated with residence in Chicago and in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The Neighborhood Disorder Hypothesis is that mistrust correlates positively with observing signs of disorder in one's neighborhood such as graffiti, vandalism, run‐down or abandoned buildings, noise, crime, and people hanging out on the streets, drinking, or taking drugs; and disorder mediates some of the effects of residence in the city and in a disadvantaged neighborhood. Some, but not all, of the association between disorder and mistrust is mediated by criminal victimization. We examine these hypotheses using the Community, Crime and Health data, which is a 1995 survey of a representative sample of 2,482 Illinois residents linked to contextual data on their neighborhoods. We find results consistent with all four hypotheses. The mean level of mistrust reported by residents of Chicago is more than half a standard deviation above that of people living elsewhere. Most of the higher mistrust in Chicago can be attributed to three related things: neighborhood disadvantage, individual disadvantage, and neighborhood disorder; but even with adjustments for disadvantage and disorder, urban residents report more mistrust.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- PART I: Trust and International Relations -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction -- Defining Trust -- Trust and International Relations -- Methodology -- A Road Map -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER 2 Trust and the Security Dilemma -- The Security Dilemma Game -- Introducing Uncertainty -- Equilibria with Uncertainty -- Achieving Cooperation -- The Effects of Cooperation and Noncooperation -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- PART II: Fear and the Origins of the Cold War -- CHAPTER 3 The Spiral of Fear -- The Spiral Model -- The Spiral Game -- Equilibria in the Spiral Game -- Defection and Fear -- The External Observer's Perspective -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- CHAPTER 4 The Origins of Mistrust: 1945-50 -- Explaining the Origins of the Cold War -- Setting the Stage: Motivations and Beliefs in 1945 -- The Fate of Poland -- Bulgaria and Romania -- The Iranian Crisis -- The Turkish Crisis -- The Truman Doctrine -- Hungary and Czechoslovakia -- The Korean War -- Conclusion -- PART III: European Cooperation and the Rebirth of Germany -- CHAPTER 5 Trust, Hegemony, and Cooperation -- Multilateral Cooperation -- The Multilateral Trust Game -- Equilibria in the Game -- The Payoffs and Cooperation -- Geography and Mistrust -- Hegemony and Cooperation -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- CHAPTER 6 European Cooperation and Germany, 1945-55 -- Explaining European Cooperation -- The Road to Bizonia -- The Origins of the Western Bloc: 1947 -- The Brussels Pact and the London Accords -- The Birth of NATO and West Germany -- German Rearmament -- The Death of the EDC and the NATO Solution -- The Perspectives Revisited -- Conclusion -- PART IV: Reassurance and the End of the Cold War -- CHAPTER 7 Reassurance -- Reassurance in International Relations -- The Reassurance Game

A crisis of trust between developed and developing nations is poisoning the international climate regime. Taking responsibility on both sides is the first step to restoring confidence. ...

THE PROBLEMS OF TRUST AND CONFIDENCE BUILDING BETWEEN ANTAGNIOSTIC PARTNERS HAS ACQUIRED CONSIDERABLE PROMINENCE IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE RECENTLY. THE POLITICAL CAPITAL INVESTED IN THE PROMOTION CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES IS VIEWED AS A REACTION TO THE DECREASED CACULABILITY AND PREDITABILITY AND THE RISE IN MUTUAL THREAT PERCEPTIONS. THE ROLE THAT IDEOLOGY PLAYS IN COMPLICATING THE PROCESS IS DISCUSSED.

Populism and the Mistrust of Foreigners – A Reality to Reckon WithRight-wing populist parties are making headway in one European country after another – including Sweden in connection with the recent election successes of Sverigedemokraterna [The Sweden Democrats]. It is time to address the challenge that this presence presents. Attempting to ignore these parties by either regarding them as a transient phenomenon or as something far removed from our shores is not a sustainable alternative. Right-wing populist parties are already so well established in the European political arena that a continued democratic and civil societal development in Sweden demands an immediate discussion as to how these parties can best be addressed.