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Carl Cassegård: Toward a Critical Theory of Nature: Capital, Ecology, and Dialectics. New York: Bloomsbury 2021. 9781350176263

This article presents the perspective of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels on the concept of the State. It is divided into three parts, the first addressing the emergence of the State as a result of the expropriation of the means of production suffered by direct producers, giving rise to private property with the State; the first section also addresses the State in slave and feudal society. The second section explains the functions of the bourgeois state, that is, the attributions of the State which, situated in the capitalist mode of production, represents the wishes of the ruling class; as well as, it points to the illusory form of democracy in the bourgeois State, that limits itself to reforming and does not envisage overcoming it. Finally, the third section treat with the State under the control of the working class, that is, in the period of transition to classless society, and the consequent dissolution of the State after the firmament of this society free from exploiters and exploited.

This book is a systematic effort by leading international scholars to map the trends in major-power warfare and explore whether it is waxing or waning. The main point of departure is that major-power war as a historical institution is in decline. This does not mean, though, that wars between states are in general disappearing. While there is some convergence in the conclusions by individual authors, they are by no means unanimous about the trend. The articles explore different causes and correlates of the declining trend in major-power warfare, including the impact of the international structu.

A requirement of subject-matter concentration—generally to the extent of two full-year courses or their equivalent in the student's annual budget of four or five—during the last two years of the undergraduate curriculum is common to the great majority of colleges and universities granting liberal arts degrees. It complements a requirement of diversification that is also commonly prescribed as a restriction on the freedom students otherwise would have to concentrate still further in their choices among course offerings. Together, the two embody a philosophy of balance in the distribution of studies; but they do not define the scope or content of any particular area of concentration.The requirement of a "major" applies equally to a wide variety of fields of study, in the humanities and the natural as well as the social sciences. The aims and problems of the major in political science, therefore, are in large measure those of the major as such. They merge, indeed, into the broader question of the general goals of college education in the upper-class years, since the major figures so importantly in the work of juniors and seniors. They focus on two points chiefly: (1) the course content, or area, of the major in political science, and (2) the ways and means of instruction within the major, to the end of deepening its educational value. Put more briefly, the problems are what to learn and how to learn in the area of principal interest.

El autor aborda las distintas posturas conceptuales que sobre la ideología socialista se han suscitado y el impacto que ellas han tenido en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales. En un recorrido que nos lleva desde las concepciones socialistas decimonónicas hasta las posturas internacionalistas, nacionalistas y desarrollistas del presente siglo (desde la Primera Guerra Mundial hasta los años ochenta), el autor va trazando un camino de desencanto cada vez mayor con respecto a la realización de las utopías socialistas. Para el caso, la situación del área latinoamericana sirve como gran marco de referencia al autor proporcionándole un modelo paradigmático de la búsqueda, desarrollo y crisis de esta clase de pensamiento sociopolítico.