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Repeated experiences and activities drive personality development. Leisure activities are among the daily routines that may elicit personality change. Yet despite the important role they play in daily life, little is known about their prospective effects on personality traits and vice versa. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which within-person changes in leisure activities lead to prospective changes in personality traits, and whether changes in personality elicit prospective changes in leisure activities. We applied random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) to four waves of 13-year longitudinal data (2005−2017) from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) for the sample as a whole (N = 55,790) and for three specific age groups (young, middle-aged, and older adults). We examined between-person associations and within-person auto-regressive effects, correlated change and cross-lagged effects for Big Five personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) with self-reported frequency of leisure activities (i.e., physical activities, socializing, volunteering, political activity, artistic and musical activity, going out) and overall participation in leisure activities. At the between-person level, leisure activities and overall participation were most strongly associated with openness to experience. At the within-person level, we found reciprocal effects of extraversion only with overall participation in leisure activities and socializing. We found unidirectional within-person cross-lagged effects between leisure activities and personality traits and vice versa. Some effects were age-group-specific only. These findings suggest that leisure activities that are associated with certain traits at the between-person level are not necessarily those that trigger change in the respective personality trait. We discuss our findings based on the TESSERA framework for personality development. We conclude that the specificity ...

Repeated experiences and activities drive personality development. Leisure activities are among the daily routines that may elicit personality change. Yet despite the important role they play in daily life, little is known about their prospective effects on personality traits and vice versa. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which within-person changes in leisure activities lead to prospective changes in personality traits, and whether changes in personality elicit prospective changes in leisure activities. We applied random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) to four waves of 13-year longitudinal data (2005−2017) from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) for the sample as a whole (N = 55,790) and for three specific age groups (young, middle-aged, and older adults). We examined between-person associations and within-person auto-regressive effects, correlated change and cross-lagged effects for Big Five personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) with self-reported frequency of leisure activities (i.e., physical activities, socializing, volunteering, political activity, artistic and musical activity, going out) and overall participation in leisure activities. At the between-person level, leisure activities and overall participation were most strongly associated with openness to experience. At the within-person level, we found reciprocal effects of extraversion only with overall participation in leisure activities and socializing. We found unidirectional within-person cross-lagged effects between leisure activities and personality traits and vice versa. Some effects were age-group-specific only. These findings suggest that leisure activities that are associated with certain traits at the between-person level are not necessarily those that trigger change in the respective personality trait. We discuss our findings based on the TESSERA framework for personality development. We conclude that the specificity of an experience or behavior and its corresponding trait is essential for personality development and should be subjected to further research.

AbstractThe current study examines reciprocal relations among adolescents' values, antisocial behavior (ASB), and judgment of the wrongness of ASB over 3 years. Four hundred seven (Mage = 14.36 years; SD = .72; males = 56.8%) ninth grade students in Italy completed the Portrait Values Questionnaire, a self‐reported ASB scale, and a questionnaire aimed to evaluate how wrong they judged it to be to violate a set of moral and social rules. Responses were obtained again after 1 and 2 years. We analyzed separate cross‐lagged models for each of the higher‐order value dimensions according to Schwartz's model (conservation, openness to change, self‐enhancement, and self‐transcendence), using structural equation models. Self‐transcendence and conservation values fostered more negative judgments and less ASB over time whereas self‐enhancement and openness to change values had no effects. The mediating effect of judgment on the relationship between values and ASB was significant. Moreover, ASB mediated the effects of conservation on subsequent judgments. The results highlight the role of self‐transcendence and conservation values as protective factors against ASBs in adolescence.

ObjectiveTo examine (a) associations among coparental interaction (cooperation, overt conflict, covert conflict) and father involvement (engagement, in‐kind financial support), (b) associations among the three dimensions of coparental interaction, and (c) associations among the two dimensions of father involvement, shortly after divorce.BackgroundFamily relationships change shortly after divorce, yet little research has examined coparental interaction and father involvement shortly after divorce and overt and covert conflict are often not included.MethodMothers and fathers from different families in a southeastern state (N = 194) participated within 3 months after divorce (Time 1) and 3 to 6 months later (Time 2). A cross‐lagged structural equation model was used to examine reciprocal associations among dimensions of coparental interaction and father involvement.ResultsHigher father engagement and lower overt conflict (Time 1) were associated with higher cooperation (Time 2). Covert conflict was associated with later overt conflict. In‐kind support was not associated with later father engagement or coparental interaction. No reciprocal associations among variables were found.ConclusionCoparental conflict and father engagement may be salient to the development of later coparental relationships following divorce.ImplicationsPractitioners can help parents manage conflict and encourage father engagement to foster healthy coparental relationships after divorce.

تظهر الأهمية الكبيرة لاستقطاب الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر بالنسبة للقطاع النفطي السعودي كغيرها من دول العالم التي تعد الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر أحد الروافد الهامة والمكملة للاستثمار المحلي, كما إن الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر لم يعد يتعلق فقط بانتقال رأس المال بل أصبح أحد المصادر الضرورية لنقل المعرفة في مجال الإدارة الحديثة ونقل التقنية المتقدمة وتدريب وتطوير الكوادر الفنية المحلية وخلق المزيد من فرص العمل للمواطنين. الا ان هناك انخفاض في درجة انفتاح البيئة التشريعية الجاذبة للاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر من ناحية الشفافية , بالرغم مما متوفر من تشريعات قانونية وإدارية لدى السعودية, اذ أن حجم الاستثمار الأجنبي المتدفق الى القطاع النفطي السعودي شهد تذبذب وعدم استقرار معدلات تموه السنوي لا سباب عدة, فضلا عن ان نسب التغير في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي خلال المدة 1990-2000 كانت متصاعدة الا في بعض السنوات نتيجة لازمة الخليج الاولى وحرمان العراق من المورد النفطي وزيادة انتاج السعودية لتعويض النقص الحاصل في السوق النفطية وهكذا كانت الزيادة بعد حرب الخليج الثانية في عام 2003 اذ ازداد نسب التغير زيادة متواترة بسبب النقص الحاصل بعد ان كانت الامم المتحدة تصدر النفط العراقي في اتفاقية النفط مقابل الغذاء اضافة الى ذلك ارتفاع اسعار النفط المتصاعدة ,مما ادى ذلك الى تزايد انتاج النفط السعودي وادى بالتالي الى زيادة نسبة التغير الحاصل في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي ,فضلا عن انه في النموذج المقدر في المرحلة الثامنة من جدول 3 تم اختبار بياناته باختبار Cooks Distance test فتبين ان القيم الاعتيادية والقيم الشاذة كانت قريبة المسافة ونسبتها اقل من 20% والتي يوصي بها العالم الاحصائي Cooks والتي ظهرت نسبتها التقديرية من النموذج المقدر بحدود 12% ولذا فان بيانات المرحلة الثامنة مستقرة بينما اغلب المراحل كانت هناك شواذ في بياناته وان المسافة التقديرية حسب الاختبار اكثر من 20% ولذا فان هذا النموذج يعتبر الافضل من النماذج وبالتالي سيكون اختياره ليمثل العلاقة ما بين نسبة التغير في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي والاستثمار ; The importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the Saudi oil sector, like other countries in the world, which is considered one of the important and complementary sources of domestic investment, is very important. FDI is no longer only about ...

The author looks at the development of military technology in recent years. He examines three major platforms: fighter aircraft, tanks, and cruisers, examining the gaps between generations as well as the capability gains of each succeeding type. While development has slowed, at the same time capability increases have also slowed: it takes longer to get new equipment, and that new equipment is less of an improvement over its predecessor than its predecessor was over its predecessor. Only in electronics and computer technology was that shown to be somewhat untrue, but even there military technology has lagged significantly behind commercial advances. This relative military stasis, in technology at least, has a range of causes: the end of the Cold War, bureaucratic changes, political cultures, scientific limits, cost inflation, a focus on new characteristics that cannot be so easily measured. The author also looks at the strategic environment to see whether that has evolved rapidly while technology has proven more dormant. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1639/thumbnail.jpg

The algebra of change -- The causal analysis of change -- The components of change -- Cross-lagged panel correlations -- Separting the effects of position and change -- Serially correlated errors -- Initial model specification -- Sensitivity analysis -- Measurement error -- Alternative approaches -- Design considerations.

A Modification of the CUSUM Test in the Linear Regression Model with Lagged Dependent Variables -- Heteroskedasticity-Robust Tests for Structural Change -- A Switching Regression Model with Different Change-Points for Individual Coefficients and its Application to the Energy Demand Equations for Japan -- Testing for Coefficient Constancy in Random Walk Models with Particular Reference to the Initial Value Problem -- Transformations for an Exact Goodness-of-Fit Test of Structural Change in the Linear Regression Model -- Robust Bayesian Analysis of a Parameter Change in Linear Regression -- The Stability Assumption in Tests of Causality Betwen Money and Income -- A Sequential Approach to Testing for Structural Change in Econometric Models -- Statistical Analysis of "Structural Change": An Annotated Bibliography.

Cultivation theory and research have been criticized for their failures to consider variation in effects by genre, employ appropriate third-variable controls, and determine causal direction. Recent studies, controlling for a variety of demographic characteristics and media use variables, have found that exposure to local television (TV) newscasts is associated with a variety of problematic "real-world" beliefs. However, many of these studies have not adequately assessed causal direction. Redressing this limitation, we analyzed data from a two-wave national representative survey which permitted tests of lagged association between overall TV viewing, local TV news viewing, and fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention. We first replicated the original cultivation effect and found a positive association between overall TV viewing at Time 1 and increased fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention at Time 2. Analyses also provided evidence that local TV news viewing at Time 1 predicts increased fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention at Time 2. There was little evidence for reverse causation in predicting changes in overall TV viewing or local TV news viewing. The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

Purpose
This study aims to empirically connect green logistics performance, renewable energy, non-renewable energy, CO2 emissions and gross domestic product in Vietnam from 2000 to 2022.


Design/methodology/approach
Within this study, the author uses innovative tools, specifically a R2 decomposed linkage method, to scrutinize the connections between green logistics, environmental issues and the use of green and dirty energy.


Findings
The results highlight the two-way relationship between green logistics and energy security in Vietnam. Green logistics plays various roles in diverse periods, from a net shock transmitter to a net shock receiver in the designed system. Using a dynamic and contemporaneous dynamic linkage method, this study emphasizes the change in the role and the dominance of green logistics and renewable energy consumption. Notably, the unexpected shocks also lead to changes in these variables' roles.


Originality/value
This paper presents two significant contributions to the existing body of literature. Firstly, as previously emphasized, this research marks a pioneering effort to examine the connection between green logistics, environmental issues and the use of green and dirty energy when it comes to developing nations such as Vietnam. Secondly, this research introduces a novel approach to investigating the interconnectedness of volatility across diverse markets, offering a more suitable method for such analyses. Within this study, the author uses innovative tools, specifically an R2 decomposed linkage method, to scrutinize the connections between green logistics, environmental issues and the use of green and dirty energy. In this analysis, the author examined data from 2000 through 2022. A thorough analysis is presented using the data, exploring the connections between the volatilities resulting from various problems in Vietnam.

As the United States struggles with national solutions to climate change, state and local governments have increasingly taken policy action in this area. Although existing research addresses why some places adopt climate change policy while others do not, much of this expresses policies as a function of factors in the present period or recent past, leaving the question of whether current climate change policy can be seen as a lagged response to longer term trends largely unaddressed. Examination of climate change policy as a response to longer term changes expands the existing understanding of why locations choose to be active in this area. Pairing unique climate change policy survey data from more than 200 local Great Plains governments with Census and environmental data from 1990 to 2000, this article examines whether changes in local socioeconomic and environmental factors in the 1990s are associated with climate change mitigation and adaptation policy adoption from the following decade, 2000–2010.

In the field of comparative Communist studies theory seems to have lagged behind reality. Until a few years ago we tended to think of Communist polities in terms of uniformities oriented around the concept of a totalitarian model that permeated all Communist systems more or less the same way and to the same degree. Although it was recognized that there were cultural differences and variations in the levels of development, these factors were not assigned great weight in modifying and transforming Communist polities. On the contrary, the very possibility of a transformation was assigned a low probability.

Despite the pervasive changes that have taken place in women's lives in the past twenty-five years--increased participation in the labor force, the attainment of higher levels of education, and higher salaries--comparable changes in the division of family labor and in the roles of men have lagged considerably. In this timely book, the editors and other experts in feminism and family studies examine the effects of two decades of influence by the women's movement on sex roles and child rearing. While applauding some positive changes, the contributors point to powerful forces of resistance to equ