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VOLUME 1 Executive summary -1. Trends in investment in inland transport infrastructure overall -2. Investment trends by mode -3. Trends in investment in intermodal/combined transport -4. Trends in capital stock -5. Trends in infrastructure maintenance expenditure 1. Introduction 2. Transport development and the environment 3. Total investment in transport infrastructure 4. Distribution of investment among transport modes 5. Investment in combined-multimodal transport 6. Expenditure on maintenance 7. Capital values 8. Background data and units of account Maps VOLUME 2 9. National reports and tables - National currencies -Austria -Belgium -Bosnia-Herzegovina -Bulgaria -Croatia -Czech Republic -Denmark. -Estonia -Finland -France -F.Y.R.O.M. -Germany -Greece -Hungary -Ireland -Italy -Latvia -Lithuania -Luxembourg -Moldova -Netherlands -Norway -Poland -Portugal -Romania -Slovak Republic -Slovenia -Spain -Sweden -Switzerland -Turkey -Ukraine -United Kingdom 10. National tables - ECU -Austria -Belgium -Czech Republic -Denmark -Estonia -Finland -France -Germany -Greece -Hungary -Ireland -Italy -Latvia -Luxembourg -Moldova -Norway -Poland -Portugal -Romania -Slovak Republic -Slovenia -Spain -Sweden -Switzerland -Turkey -United Kingdom.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Natural Slope -- 1 Clean Up Slided Soil After Checking the Slope -- 2 A Fresh Crack in a Rock Mass is a Warning Sign of a Landslide and/or Failure -- 3 Carefully Observe Puddles on Roads, Gaps in Pavement, and the Slope -- 4 A Depression on a Ridge Which Looks Like an Animal Trail is a Warning Sign -- 5 Do Not Rest Easy Even If the Rain Stops -- 6 Bent Trees are a Warning Sign of a Landslide -- 7 If You See Small Fallen Rocks on Roadsides, Pay Attention to the Upper Slope -- 8 Turbid Water at the Foot of a Slope Could be a Warning Sign of a Slope Failure -- 9 Watch Out for the Valley Side of the Slope as Well -- 10 Withering of Trees Could be a Warning Sign of a Landslide and/or Failure -- 2 Embankment -- 1 Watch Out for Cut and Fill Boundary -- 2 Start with the Top Part of an Embankment Slope -- 3 Watch Out for Buckling of a Slope -- 4 A Crack and Deflection of a Road Surface Should be Carefully Observed -- 5 Watch Out for Turbid Water as It Could be a Warning Sign of a Slide -- 6 Watch Out for the Level of Water Spring -- 7 Scour Marks on a Slope Mean Poor Drainage -- 8 Clogging and Accumulated Water in and/or Around Drain Must be Cleared Immediately -- 9 Check the Water Collection into the Drain -- 10 Watch Out for Embankments Facing a River or Seashore -- 3 Cut -- 1 Cut Inspection Starts with Your Attire -- 2 Walk on the Top of the Slope When Inspecting Cuts -- 3 Inspect Cuts Closely on the Way Up and Widely on the Way Down. Walk on the Same Path Both Ways -- 4 Take a Step Further and Inspect the Backland of the Top of the Slope -- 5 Watch Out for Cuts Below Fills and Fills Above Cuts -- 6 Gully Erosion Leads to a Disaster -- 7 If You See Water Spring or a Tensile Crack, Check for Buckling -- 8 Greenery in Winter is a Sign of Danger -- 9 Watch Out for Deterioration of Slope-Protection Work.

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Overview of Infrastructure in Honduras -- Part 1. A Cross-Sector Vision of Infrastructure and Development -- 1. Country Background and the Economic Importance of Infrastructure -- 2. The Organization of Infrastructure Services and the Role of Private Participation -- 3. Infrastructure Performance: An Overview -- 4. The Impact of Hurricane Mitch and the Progress of Reconstruction -- 5. Consumer Opinions -- 6. Legal, Institutional, and Regulatory Framework for Infrastructure Development -- 7. Infrastructure Financing -- 8. Conclusions -- Part 2. Sector Summaries -- 9. Transportation -- 10. Water and Sanitation -- 11. Electricity -- 12. Telecommunications -- References -- Appendixes (Maps) -- Boxes -- Figures -- Tables.

This report summarizes the findings and recommendations of the Infrastructure Committee. The report of the Infrastructure Committee contains this committee's recommendations. Although the report is structured along similar lines as the Infrastructure Study Research Team's Report #4--Summary of Findings and Activities of Other States, this is the report that contains the Committee's recommended actions to the Governor and State Legislature.

Intro -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Background and Aim of the Text -- 2 Basic Choices and Concepts -- 2.1 Networked Technical Infrastructure -- 2.2 Science and Technology Studies Perspective -- 2.3 Key Concepts are 'Boundary Concepts' -- 2.4 System -- 2.5 Perturbation and Breakdown -- 3 Structure of the Text -- 2 Criticality -- 1 Ad-Hoc Description -- 2 Literature Overview -- 3 Criticality within Critical Infrastructure Research -- 4 Open Questions and Problems -- 3 Vulnerability -- 1 Ad-Hoc Description -- 2 Literature Overview -- 2.1 Different Research Traditions -- 2.2 Need to Consider Social and Cultural Factors -- 2.3 Major Differences -- 2.4 Negative or Positive? -- 3 Vulnerability within Critical Infrastructure Research -- 4 Open Questions and Problems -- 4 Resilience -- 1 Ad-Hoc Description -- 2 Literature Overview -- 2.1 Origin as a Scientific Concept -- 2.2 Resilience as a Postmodern Approach -- 2.3 Urban Resilience -- 2.4 Criticism of Hidden Agendas in the Concept -- 2.5 Critical Infrastructure Resilience and Disaster Risk Management -- 3 Significance for our Research -- 4 Open Questions and Problems -- 5 Preparedness & Prevention -- 1 Ad-Hoc Description -- 2 Literature Overview -- 3 Preparedness & Prevention in Critical Infrastructure Research -- 4 Conclusion -- 6 Relations between the Concepts -- 1 Criticality and Vulnerability -- 2 Criticality and Resilience -- 3 Criticality and Preparedness & Prevention -- 4 Vulnerability and Resilience -- 5 Vulnerability and Preparedness & Prevention -- 6 Resilience and Preparedness & Prevention -- Bibliography.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- The Context for Reform -- Infrastructure Reform in Rwanda -- The Country Framework Report -- Summary of the Sector Reviews -- Cross-Cutting Issues -- Prioritized Recommendations -- 1. Introduction: Policies, Objectives, and the Role of the Private Sector -- Background -- Objectives and Scope of the Country Framework Report -- Principles of Private Sector Participation -- 2. The Transport Sector -- Roads -- Airports -- Rail -- Water Transport -- Notes -- 3. The Energy Sector -- Sector Structure, Roles, and Responsibilities -- Policymaking, Planning, and Regulation -- Electricity -- The Gas Sector -- Investment Needs and Priorities -- Potential Sources of Investment Financing -- Opportunities for Private Sector Participation -- Issues -- Recommendations -- Notes -- 4. The Water and Sanitation Sector -- Sector Structure, Roles, and Responsibilities -- Policymaking, Planning, and Regulation -- Sector Performance -- Opportunities for Private Sector Participation -- Issues -- Recommendations -- Note -- 5. Common Issues in the Electricity and Water Sectors -- Management and Human Resources -- Commercial and Financial Management -- Management Contract -- Recommendations -- 6. The Telecommunications Sector -- Sector Structure, Roles, and Responsibilities -- Policymaking, Planning, and Regulation -- Sector Performance -- Opportunities for Private Sector Participation -- Issues -- Recommendations -- Note -- 7. Cross-Cutting Issues -- Institutional Capacity -- Local Financial Markets -- Regulation -- Accounting System -- Taxation System -- Legal System -- Bid Evaluation Process -- Project Selection, Prioritization, and Planning -- Government Policy Communication with the General Public -- Environmental Issues -- Other Cross-Cutting Issues.

Infrastructure only tends to be noticed when it is absent, declining, or decrepit, or when enormous cost overruns, time delays, or citizen protests make the headlines. If infrastructure is indeed a fundamental driver of economic growth and social development, why is it so difficult to get right? In addressing this perennial question, this volume makes the case for a governance perspective on infrastructure

Breached levees, fallen bridges : is American infrastructure in crisis?.The real infrastructure crisis /Burt Solomon -- Reverse gears : a new reality for public works? /John McCarron --Look out below! America's infrastructure is crumbling /Eric Kelderman -- American collapse /Sarah Williams Goldhagen --Infrastructure investment and U.S. competitiveness /Jonathan Masters -- Rebuilding America special report : how to fix American infrastructure /Erik Sofge --A new bank to save our infrastructure /Felix G. Rohatyn, Everett Ehrlich --Highways, byways, and railways : transportation infrastructure.Transportation infrastructure: excerpted from America on the move --Transportation infrastructure : moving America /Robert McMahon --Failing U.S. transportation system will imperil prosperity, report finds /Ashley Halsey III --Cars, highways, and the poor /Yonah Freemark --The U.S. must invest in infrastructure /Mark Laluan --Clogged arteries /Bruce Katz, Robert Puentes --King of the road /Alex Marshall --Shifting gears : breaking our addiction to cars /David Carroll Cochran.

"The book documents the evolution of Asia's infrastructure over the past half-century and reviews existing literature on the role of infrastructure investment in supporting growth and social development. It highlights the implications of tax financing and mass transit investments on land and property values and infrastructure financing. It then examines Asia's current practices and new solutions that can help meet the infrastructure gap. It discusses the role of institutions, how innovation can foster energy infrastructure investments, and the role of bond markets in infrastructure investments. The book explores ASEAN+3 efforts in developing local currency bond markets to provide long-term local financing for infrastructure investment while providing financial resilience. It also examines the use of green bonds to finance sustainable growth in Asia and the role of housing bond markets in infrastructure investment"--

Engineers argue that inadequate maintenance of roads, bridges, airports, waterways, and other critical aspects of infrastructure along with underinvestment have created an infrastructure crisis in the United States. Many politicians agree with this claim and are attempting to take action. However, we are faced with the issue of which projects are most essential and how to fund them. Is the state of America's infrastructure that dire compared to the rest of the world? Are these efforts to improve it a cynical ploy from politicians to gain attention and ensure reelection? This volume considers the many perspectives of this pressing issue.

All sectors of the Dutch infrastructures have undergone a degree of commercialisation, liberalisation or privatisation over the last ten to twenty years. Where in the past the infrastructure landscape was dominated by public monopolies, the ownership and management of infrastructures is today shared by several public and private sector players. The original goals of this 'regime change' have in many cases been achieved: greater efficiency, a greater focus on the customer and more choice for consumers. The question is whether this emphasis on current consumer interests allows enough scope to achieve long-term objectives which affect the whole of our society: innovation, long-term availability and sustainability of infrastructures. This is of crucial importance for economic and social development, which is coming under increasing pressure due to the combined impact of the exhaustion of natural resources and climate change. The transition to a sustainable future demands substantial investment in infrastructures, which cannot be taken for granted in the present situation. The WRR has investigated how these investments could be safeguarded in the long term, whilst retaining the efficiency of the infrastructures

Perspectives on Urban Infrastructure -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 The Evolution of the Urban Infrastructure in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries -- INTRODUCTION -- URBAN NETWORKS AND WALKING CITIES: A PERIOD OF FOUNDATIONS, 1790-1855 -- The Development of Urban Infrastructure -- Financing Infrastructure in the Walking City -- Engineers and Urban Technology -- Conclusion -- CONSTRUCTING THE CORE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CENTRAL CITIES, 1855-1910 -- Introduction -- Municipal Provision of Infrastructure -- Institutional and Political Changes in Infrastructure Supply and Distribution -- Financing Infrastructure -- Engineering and Science Development -- THE DOMINATION OF THE AUTOMOBILE AND THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE FEDERAL ROLE, 1910-1956 -- The Automobile Revolution, 1910-1930 -- The New Deal -- Professional Developments -- The Postwar Period -- THE RISE OF THE OUTER CITY AND RECENT TRENDS INFLUENCING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, 1956-1982 -- Changing Fiscal Trends -- The Environmental Movement -- Mass Transit -- Alternative Systems -- CONCLUSION -- AFTERWORD -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Bibliography -- DISCUSSION -- Randy Hamilton -- Wilfred Owen -- Abel Wolman -- SUMMARY -- 2 Assessing Infrastructure Needs: The State of the Art -- INTRODUCTION -- The Infrastructure Problem -- National Needs -- The Challenge Ahead -- DEFINING NEEDS -- Needs Versus Desirable Improvements -- The Needs Assessment Process -- The Role of Standards -- Summary -- THE CONDITION ASSESSMENT PROCESS -- Defining Conditions -- Condition Assessment Measures -- The National Bridge Inspection Program -- The New York City Water Distribution System -- THE INVESTMENT DECISION-MAKING PROCESS -- Estimating Investment Requirements -- A Framework for Investment Decisions -- The EPA Needs Survey -- The Wisconsin Department of Transportation's Approach to Investment Programming.