Suchergebnisse

This commentary responds to Gillian Rose's essay 'Visualising human life in volumetric cities: City digital twins and other disasters'. It highlights Rose's recognition that City Digital Twins are always discursive projections as much as they are actual working simulations, constituted in part by a surrounding ecology of other texts and images that work to transform tech hype into tech reality. The commentary expands on the 'twin'-nature of all digital images - how their status as both human and machine-readable objects allows them to function as simulations mediating between the realms of the computational and the sensory. The commentary concludes by exploring recent developments in moving image Generative AI. It questions the 'world modelling' and 'world simulation' claims of these technologies.

Simulation is used in economics to solve large econometric models, for large-scale micro simulations, and to obtain numerical solutions for policy design in top-down established models. But these applications fail to take advantage of the methods offered by artificial economics (AE) through artificial intelligence and distributed computing. AE is a bottom-up and generative approach of agent-based modelling developed to get a deeper insight into the complexity of economics. AE can be viewed as a very elegant and general class of modelling techniques that generalize numerical economics, mathematical programming and micro simulation approaches. The papers presented in this book address methodological questions and applications of AE to macroeconomics, industrial organization, information and learning, market dynamics, finance and financial markets.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) enhances the sharing of information during the traditional process for new construction, but most of the time, it requires high levels of knowledge management for the historical digital model (H-BIM). The innovation in the Digital Cultural Heritage (DCH) domain is supported by the development of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and modern tools that are able to transmit morphological characteristics of the buildings in all their uniqueness. The latest research in the field of H-BIM shows a significant emergence of innovative methods and management initiatives for the generation of complex historical elements, leading to the confrontation of the paradigm of regularity (simple geometric shapes) with the new paradigm of complexity (historical building elements). This paper proves the benefits of the BIM for project management of the Centre Block of the Canadian Parliament in Ottawa, Ontario Canada, and shows the results obtained by the introduction of Advanced Modeling Techniques (AMT) during the generative process, reducing time and cost for the creation of the complex architectural and structural elements. The uniqueness of the forms of historical buildings is a real value to be transmitted throughout the building's lifecycle with high Levels of Detail (LOD). Proper management of geometric primitives and Non-Uniform Rational Basis Spline (NURBS) models have guaranteed the conversion of spatial data (point clouds) from laser scanning and photogrammetry (geometric survey) into parametric applications. This paper explores the generative process of one of the most complex spaces within The Centre Block building of Parliament Hill—Confederation Hall.

This study examines the impact of implementing generative AI voice chatbots on customer expectations and satisfaction in the banking sectors of Kazakhstan, Russia, and Italy. To achieve this objective, this study conducted a survey of 253 customers from 35 commercial banks in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Italy from November 2023 to early April 2024. This study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to assess and validate the validity and reliability of the research model. The study integrates the Expectation Confirmation Model with AI components to analyze factors influencing customer satisfaction with AI-enabled digital banking services. Key findings indicate that expectation confirmation, perceived performance, visual attractiveness, problem-solving capabilities, and communication quality significantly affect customer satisfaction with AI chatbots. However, trendiness and customization features showed minimal impact. The research also explores how customer satisfaction and corporate reputation influence chatbot adoption. Additionally, the study investigates the relationship between chatbot adoption and productivity performance in banking operations. The study provides several policy recommendations, including enhancing perceived performance, expectation confirmation, communication quality, visual attractiveness, and corporate reputation, which can improve customer satisfaction and increase confidence in generative AI voice chatbots in the digital banking industry. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-06-09 Full Text: PDF

In well-planned open and semi-open urban areas, it is common to observe desire paths on the ground, which shows how pedestrians themselves enhance the walkability and affordance of road systems. To better understand how these paths are formed, we present an agent-based modelling approach that simulates real pedestrian movement to generate complex path systems. By using heterogeneous ground affordance and visit frequency of hotspots as environmental settings and by modelling pedestrians as agents, path systems emerge from collective interactions between agents and their environment. Our model employs two visual parameters, angle and depth of vision, and two guiding principles, global conception and local adaptation. To examine the model's visual parameters and their effects on the cost-efficiency of the emergent path systems, we conducted a randomly generated simulation and validated the model using desire paths observed in real scenarios. The results show that (1) the angle (found to be limited to a narrow range of 90–120°) has a more significant impact on path patterns than the depth of vision, which aligns with Space Syntax theories that also emphasize the importance of angle for modelling pedestrian movement; (2) the depth of vision is closely related to the scale-invariance of path patterns on different map scales; and (3) the angle has a negative exponential correlation with path efficiency and a positive correlation with path costs. Our proposed model can help urban planners predict or generate cost-efficient path installations in well- and poorly designed urban areas and may inspire further approaches rooted in generative science for future cities.

IntroductionThe primary objective of the current paper is to understand the impact of Generative AI Tools on the recruitment process, on their effectiveness in addressing bias, enhancing efficiency, and ensuring accurate candidate evaluation and looking at the moderating role of familiarity and the mediating role of the size of the organization and level of employee.MethodsA quantitative survey approach, with 469 professionals participating in an online survey, was used. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in Amos SPSS was used in the analysis of the relationships between Generative AI Tools, User Familiarity with AI, and key outcomes in the recruitment process.ResultsThe study reveals a significant reduction in bias during candidate screening, attributed to the algorithmic objectivity, data driven decision making, and consistency inherent in Generative AI Tools. Efficiency gains and heightened accuracy in shortlisting candidates were also observed. However, User Familiarity with AI emerged as a moderating factor in influencing the relationship between Generative AI Tools and efficiency improvement.DiscussionAs a recommendation, organizations are encouraged to invest in continuous training programs to harness the full potential of Generative AI Tools in optimizing efficiency and ensuring a fair and accurate recruitment process.

The Russian and Soviet urbanisation process happened late and fast, compared to other territories. Many new towns and cities were created by the Soviet regime that officially promoted discourses about the socialist function of the city, rational organisation of space and a planned management of the economy. These urban particularities and the multiple demographic and political events of the 20th century have made cities in the post-Soviet space an interesting case and raised question regarding its ruptures and comparability. This dissertation thesis aims to show that the concept of system of cities and generic methods in urban geography (especially models) are useful in the study of urban evolution over the long term in this space, to eventually better understand past trends and predict future ones. We confronted several statistical models with the observed urban dynamics and concluded that the macro-geographical structure of cities in the post-Soviet space was comparable to that of other systems of cities (hierarchy of sizes, spacing, functional differentiation). We also observed specific trajectories related to the size of the territory, natural resources, the recent demographic shrinkage and the effect of particular political decisions. This knowledge about observed evolutions has been included in an incremental approach of agent-based modeling. Starting from theoretical hypotheses about generative mechanisms, we tried to generate generic and specific stylised facts, with a model as parsimonious as possible. The progressive evaluation of increasingly complex models led to the satisfactory simulation of observed urban evolution and highlighted specific trajectories that « resist » modeling. ; L'urbanisation russe et soviétique a été tardive et accélérée, en comparaison d'autres ensembles territoriaux ; un grand nombre de villes nouvelles ont été créées par le régime soviétique qui a promu officiellement un discours sur la fonction socialiste de la ville, l'organisation rationnelle de l'espace et la ...

The Russian and Soviet urbanisation process happened late and fast, compared to other territories. Many new towns and cities were created by the Soviet regime that officially promoted discourses about the socialist function of the city, rational organisation of space and a planned management of the economy. These urban particularities and the multiple demographic and political events of the 20th century have made cities in the post-Soviet space an interesting case and raised question regarding its ruptures and comparability. This dissertation thesis aims to show that the concept of system of cities and generic methods in urban geography (especially models) are useful in the study of urban evolution over the long term in this space, to eventually better understand past trends and predict future ones. We confronted several statistical models with the observed urban dynamics and concluded that the macro-geographical structure of cities in the post-Soviet space was comparable to that of other systems of cities (hierarchy of sizes, spacing, functional differentiation). We also observed specific trajectories related to the size of the territory, natural resources, the recent demographic shrinkage and the effect of particular political decisions. This knowledge about observed evolutions has been included in an incremental approach of agent-based modeling. Starting from theoretical hypotheses about generative mechanisms, we tried to generate generic and specific stylised facts, with a model as parsimonious as possible. The progressive evaluation of increasingly complex models led to the satisfactory simulation of observed urban evolution and highlighted specific trajectories that « resist » modeling. ; L'urbanisation russe et soviétique a été tardive et accélérée, en comparaison d'autres ensembles territoriaux ; un grand nombre de villes nouvelles ont été créées par le régime soviétique qui a promu officiellement un discours sur la fonction socialiste de la ville, l'organisation rationnelle de l'espace et la ...

The Russian and Soviet urbanisation process happened late and fast, compared to other territories. Many new towns and cities were created by the Soviet regime that officially promoted discourses about the socialist function of the city, rational organisation of space and a planned management of the economy. These urban particularities and the multiple demographic and political events of the 20th century have made cities in the post-Soviet space an interesting case and raised question regarding its ruptures and comparability. This dissertation thesis aims to show that the concept of system of cities and generic methods in urban geography (especially models) are useful in the study of urban evolution over the long term in this space, to eventually better understand past trends and predict future ones. We confronted several statistical models with the observed urban dynamics and concluded that the macro-geographical structure of cities in the post-Soviet space was comparable to that of other systems of cities (hierarchy of sizes, spacing, functional differentiation). We also observed specific trajectories related to the size of the territory, natural resources, the recent demographic shrinkage and the effect of particular political decisions. This knowledge about observed evolutions has been included in an incremental approach of agent-based modeling. Starting from theoretical hypotheses about generative mechanisms, we tried to generate generic and specific stylised facts, with a model as parsimonious as possible. The progressive evaluation of increasingly complex models led to the satisfactory simulation of observed urban evolution and highlighted specific trajectories that « resist » modeling. ; L'urbanisation russe et soviétique a été tardive et accélérée, en comparaison d'autres ensembles territoriaux ; un grand nombre de villes nouvelles ont été créées par le régime soviétique qui a promu officiellement un discours sur la fonction socialiste de la ville, l'organisation rationnelle de l'espace et la ...

The Russian and Soviet urbanisation process happened late and fast, compared to other territories. Many new towns and cities were created by the Soviet regime that officially promoted discourses about the socialist function of the city, rational organisation of space and a planned management of the economy. These urban particularities and the multiple demographic and political events of the 20th century have made cities in the post-Soviet space an interesting case and raised question regarding its ruptures and comparability. This dissertation thesis aims to show that the concept of system of cities and generic methods in urban geography (especially models) are useful in the study of urban evolution over the long term in this space, to eventually better understand past trends and predict future ones. We confronted several statistical models with the observed urban dynamics and concluded that the macro-geographical structure of cities in the post-Soviet space was comparable to that of other systems of cities (hierarchy of sizes, spacing, functional differentiation). We also observed specific trajectories related to the size of the territory, natural resources, the recent demographic shrinkage and the effect of particular political decisions. This knowledge about observed evolutions has been included in an incremental approach of agent-based modeling. Starting from theoretical hypotheses about generative mechanisms, we tried to generate generic and specific stylised facts, with a model as parsimonious as possible. The progressive evaluation of increasingly complex models led to the satisfactory simulation of observed urban evolution and highlighted specific trajectories that « resist » modeling. ; L'urbanisation russe et soviétique a été tardive et accélérée, en comparaison d'autres ensembles territoriaux ; un grand nombre de villes nouvelles ont été créées par le régime soviétique qui a promu officiellement un discours sur la fonction socialiste de la ville, l'organisation rationnelle de l'espace et la ...

The Russian and Soviet urbanisation process happened late and fast, compared to other territories. Many new towns and cities were created by the Soviet regime that officially promoted discourses about the socialist function of the city, rational organisation of space and a planned management of the economy. These urban particularities and the multiple demographic and political events of the 20th century have made cities in the post-Soviet space an interesting case and raised question regarding its ruptures and comparability. This dissertation thesis aims to show that the concept of system of cities and generic methods in urban geography (especially models) are useful in the study of urban evolution over the long term in this space, to eventually better understand past trends and predict future ones. We confronted several statistical models with the observed urban dynamics and concluded that the macro-geographical structure of cities in the post-Soviet space was comparable to that of other systems of cities (hierarchy of sizes, spacing, functional differentiation). We also observed specific trajectories related to the size of the territory, natural resources, the recent demographic shrinkage and the effect of particular political decisions. This knowledge about observed evolutions has been included in an incremental approach of agent-based modeling. Starting from theoretical hypotheses about generative mechanisms, we tried to generate generic and specific stylised facts, with a model as parsimonious as possible. The progressive evaluation of increasingly complex models led to the satisfactory simulation of observed urban evolution and highlighted specific trajectories that « resist » modeling. ; L'urbanisation russe et soviétique a été tardive et accélérée, en comparaison d'autres ensembles territoriaux ; un grand nombre de villes nouvelles ont été créées par le régime soviétique qui a promu officiellement un discours sur la fonction socialiste de la ville, l'organisation rationnelle de l'espace et la ...

The Russian and Soviet urbanisation process happened late and fast, compared to other territories. Many new towns and cities were created by the Soviet regime that officially promoted discourses about the socialist function of the city, rational organisation of space and a planned management of the economy. These urban particularities and the multiple demographic and political events of the 20th century have made cities in the post-Soviet space an interesting case and raised question regarding its ruptures and comparability. This dissertation thesis aims to show that the concept of system of cities and generic methods in urban geography (especially models) are useful in the study of urban evolution over the long term in this space, to eventually better understand past trends and predict future ones. We confronted several statistical models with the observed urban dynamics and concluded that the macro-geographical structure of cities in the post-Soviet space was comparable to that of other systems of cities (hierarchy of sizes, spacing, functional differentiation). We also observed specific trajectories related to the size of the territory, natural resources, the recent demographic shrinkage and the effect of particular political decisions. This knowledge about observed evolutions has been included in an incremental approach of agent-based modeling. Starting from theoretical hypotheses about generative mechanisms, we tried to generate generic and specific stylised facts, with a model as parsimonious as possible. The progressive evaluation of increasingly complex models led to the satisfactory simulation of observed urban evolution and highlighted specific trajectories that « resist » modeling. ; L'urbanisation russe et soviétique a été tardive et accélérée, en comparaison d'autres ensembles territoriaux ; un grand nombre de villes nouvelles ont été créées par le régime soviétique qui a promu officiellement un discours sur la fonction socialiste de la ville, l'organisation rationnelle de l'espace et la ...