Suchergebnisse

2-s2.0-85058619220 ; This paper focuses on the relationship between air transportation, economic growth, and carbon emissions in 8 developing and 8 developed countries during the period 1980-2013 by testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. We use annual panel data from the World Bank in order to demonstrate environmental sensibility of both developed and developing countries. In this context, the research results demonstrate that environmental sensitivity is pretty low for both developed and developing countries in the period 1980-2000. Afterwards, the environmental issues of the two groups of countries are evaluated over the period from 2001 to 2013 and the research results indicate that their sensitiveness has increased remarkably, which supports the inverse-U shape of the EKC. These empirical results are also consistent with the Kyoto protocol's political aims and goals. In addition, based on the Johansen co-integration test results, there is a long-term stable relationship between as air transportation, CO2 emissions, energy use, and gross domestic product for both developed and developing countries, with the exception of Colombia and Turkey. © 2018, Econjournals. All rights reserved.

Country-level analyses of global Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationships that use multicountry panel data sets are likely to suffer from several types of aggregation bias that may explain why previous studies have yielded conflicting results. The authors analyze 1990 cross-sectional data for the United States for three pollutants and test the general EKC relationship as well as the pure income effect. Their results suggest that the income level at which households reduce their exposure to pollution depends on the nature of the pollutant. They find consistent evidence for such a relationship for coarse particulate matter but little evidence for nonmonotonic relationships for carbon monoxide and ground-level ozone.

AbstractThe study investigates the long‐term effects of two core industries of India, namely crude oil and electricity on the environment by adopting the industry‐specific environmental Kuznets curve (IEKC) hypothesis. While crude oil is high‐polluting, the impact of the electricity industry on the environment is less severe. A traditional EKC hypothesis, described by an inverted U‐shape, demonstrates the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The study tests IEKC individually for each of the two industries for time series data ranging from 1994 to 2021 for the crude oil industry and from 1994 to 2019 for the electricity industry. Carbon dioxide emission levels and the Index of Eight Core Industries are the indicators used to measure the environmental degradation and industrial growth levels, respectively. The study adopts autoregressive distributed lag approach to test the IEKC hypothesis. The findings suggest rejecting the IEKC hypothesis in the Indian crude oil industry, indicating its long‐term adverse environmental effects. In contrast, acceptance of the hypothesis in the electricity industry confirms that electricity energy can potentially lower the country's pollution level in the long run. The study adds to the existing literature by applying the IEKC hypothesis in the core industries of India to judge their environmental sustainability.