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Introduction Part I 1 The Current Crisis in Digital Media 2 Historical Origins of the Digital Crisis Part II 3 Information Is Not Wisdom 4 Transparency Is Not Authenticity 5 Convergence Is Not Integrity 6 Processing Is Not Judgment 7 Storage Is Not Memory Part III 8 How to Think Differently About Tech: Corollaries to the Proverbs 9 Prophetic Imagination and Institutional Change Conclusion: An Ethic of Non-Violence for the Digital Age

Recent developments in European media policy have given priority to the notion that all citizens need to be digitally literate to fully participate in the emerging Information Society. Media literacy or digital literacy, it is argued, will be required to able to exercise informed choices, understand the nature of content and services and take advantage of the full range of opportunities offered by new communications technologies. Further, being media literate, citizens will be better able to protect themselves and their families from harmful or offensive material. The inclusion of media literacy within the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (Commission of the European Communities 2007), Europe's main instrument of media policy, and the requirement that the European Commission will be required to report on levels of media literacy across the EU25 is an indication of the significance attached to it at a political level. Commentators have noted that the new emphasis on media literacy in public policy represents a significant shift of responsibility from collective forms of regulation and control, represented by legislation and regulatory control at member state level, to the individual who is now deemed responsible and assumed to be capable of making informed choices in matters of communication and social interaction in today's mediated environment (Livingstone, Lunt et al. 2007; Penman and Turnbull 2007). The ideal subject of digital literacy appears to represent a form of ethical individualism in which the source of moral values and principles, and the basis of ethical evaluation is the individual (Lukes 1973). The collective norms and standards that operated in the 'old' media world, whether involving filtering of content or requirements for transparency and fairness, it might be argued, no longer apply or can no longer be imposed. This policy turn raises a number of pressing questions. As the internet and online technologies become embedded in everyday life, vulnerable subjects such as children, young people and their families who tend to be in the vanguard of new media adoption, are exposed to a range of good and bad experiences, risks and opportunities, for which they may be unprepared. The traditional institutional supports of education, regulation and trusted information sources such as public broadcasting have less influence in a more fragmented public sphere and individuals may be required to rely on more tacit forms of knowledge to inform ethical conduct. This paper will examine what ethical individualism in the context of digital literacy might mean. Through a discourse analysis of policy formulations in European Commission, UNESCO and Council of Europe documents, the paper presents a typology of subject positions and asks whether the apparent ethical individualism is in fact what is intended. It examines the practical ethical situations which citizens and consumers now face and contributes to an ongoing policy discussion on the future of regulation in a converged media environment. References Commission of the European Communities (2007). Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD). Brussels, European Commission Livingstone, S., P. Lunt, et al. (2007). "Citizens, consumers and the citizen-consumer: articulating the citizen interest in media and communications regulation." Discourse & Communication 1(1): 63-89. Lukes, S. (1973). Individualism. Oxford, Blackwell. Penman, R. and S. Turnbull (2007). Media literacy - concepts, research and regulatory issues. Canberra, Australian Communications and Media Authority.

Controversies in Digital Ethics explores ethical frameworks within digital culture. Through a combination of theoretical examination and specific case studies, the essays in this volume provide a vigorous examination of ethics in a highly individualistic and mediated world. Focusing on specific controversies-privacy, surveillance, identity politics, participatory culture-the authors in this volume provide a roadmap for navigating the thorny ethical issues in new media. Paul Booth and Amber Davisson bring together multiple writers working from different theoretical traditions to represent the multiplicity of ethics in the 21st century. Each essay has been chosen to focus on a particular issue in contemporary ethical thinking in order to both facilitate classroom discussion and further scholarship in digital media ethics. Accessible for students, but with a robust analysis providing contemporary scholarship in media ethics, this collection unites theory, case studies, and practice within one volume."--Publisher's description

This paper examines the role of digital collections and digital information in the democratisation process of museums. The paper focuses on ethical and ownership issues regarding Wikipedia's online encyclopaedia initiative to widen access to digital images and knowledge through digital media, for the wider public. The paper draws on three cases of national museums in the UK, namely the Victoria and Albert Museum, the British Museum and the National Portrait Gallery. The paper argues that notions of governmentality, power, authority, and control - which traditionally characterise national museums - are still dominant in digital collections. This occasionally results in tensions that revolve around the issue of ownership of digital images and digital museum objects as well as their commercial and non-commercial uses. The paper shows that recent disputes and discourse related to the use of digital images by Wikipedians (active users of Wikipedia) have raised issues of authority and control not only of physical objects but also of the information and knowledge related to these objects. The paper demonstrates that the level of collaboration with Wikipedia reflects to some extent the participatory nature, philosophy, and ideology of each museum institution.

AIM: Technology affects almost all aspects of modern eldercare. Ensuring ethical decision-making is essential as eldercare becomes more digital; each decision affects a patient's life, self-esteem, health and wellness. METHODS: We conducted a survey and interviews with eldercare professionals to better understand the behavioural ethics and decision making involved in the digital transition of eldercare. CONCLUSION: Our qualitative analysis showed three recurrent roles among eldercare professionals in regard to digital service transformation; makers, implementers and maintainers. All three encountered challenging and stressful ethical dilemmas due to uncertainty and a lack of control. The matter of power relations, the attempts to standardize digital solutions and the conflict between cost efficiency and if digital care solutions add value for patients, all caused moral dilemmas for eldercare professionals. The findings suggest a need for organizational infrastructure that promotes ethical conduct and behaviour, ethics training and access to related resources. Implications for rehabilitation The transition to digital care service is not neutral, but value-laden. Digital transformation affects ethical behaviour and decision-making. The decision as to which digital services should be developed and deployed must include eldercare professionals and not lay solely in the hands of managers, technologists and economists. We must move away from attempting to fit standardized solutions to a heterogenous group of older patients; accommodating the pluralism of patients' needs and wants protects their dignity, autonomy and independence. As digital care practices evolve, so too must organizational structures that promote ethical conduct.

Human activities associated with greenhouse gas emissions have unequivocally caused global warming. Widespread adverse impacts on people, living organisms, and the environment are already being observed, mostly affecting vulnerable communities who are least responsible for current climate change. Unless drastic mitigation and adaptation measures are taken, continued greenhouse gas emissions will further exacerbate dangerous climate change. This expert report maps and analyses the complex justice issues that arise in the context of climate change and evaluates policy responses to the impacts of climate change from a climate justice perspective.

This paper examines the role of digital collections and digital information in the democratisation process of museums. The paper focuses on ethical and ownership issues regarding Wikipedia's online encyclopaedia initiative to widen access to digital images and knowledge through digital media, for the wider public. The paper draws on three cases of national museums in the UK, namely the Victoria and Albert Museum, the British Museum and the National Portrait Gallery. The paper argues that notions of governmentality, power, authority, and control - which traditionally characterise national museums - are still dominant in digital collections. This occasionally results in tensions that revolve around the issue of ownership of digital images and digital museum objects as well as their commercial and non-commercial uses. The paper shows that recent disputes and discourse related to the use of digital images by Wikipedians (active users of Wikipedia) have raised issues of authority and control not only of physical objects but also of the information and knowledge related to these objects. The paper demonstrates that the level of collaboration with Wikipedia reflects to some extent the participatory nature, philosophy, and ideology of each museum institution.

The concept of «digital well-being» is used to denote the positive effect of applying of digital technologies in all spheres of modern society. However, as practice shows, new information and communication technologies are quite risky and very ambiguous in the sense of an unconditional benefit for society. This thematic review presents an analysis of scientific sources on key social spheres: healthcare, education, economy, management and social development, media and entertainment, which are currently experiencing the most direct and aggressive impact of digitalization. The purpose of the review is to identify open and unresolved issues related to the ethics of digital well-being of society.

Digitalisation and platformisation are continuously impacting and reshaping the societies we live in. In this context, we are witnessing the rise of phenomena such as fake news, hate speech, and the sharing of any other illegal content through social media. In this paper, I propose some ethical reflections on content moderation in the context of digital (social) media, as this topic seems – to me – to already incorporate other relevant digital issues in it, such as algorithms bias, the spread of fake news, and the potential misuses of artificial intelligence. In the first section, I will provide a few hermeneutic reflections over a speech given by the Italian scholar Umberto Eco, which appears to underline the necessity of a content moderation in an era of digital (social) media. In the second section, I will analyse, through a consequentialist perspective, critical and ethical issues posed by content moderation. In particular, I suggest the idea of a 'moderate' (reasonable and limited) content moderation that can only be assured by humans, as they are able to contextualise the content, to take emotions and subjective elements into account, to apply critical thinking and adaptability in complex circumstances.

Media, Markets, and Morals provides an original ethical framework designed specifically for evaluating ethical issues in the media, including new media. The authors apply their account of the moral role of the media, in their dual capacity as information providers for the public good and as businesses run for profit, to specific morally problematic practices and question how ethical behavior can be promoted within the industry. Brings together experts in the fields of media studies and media ethics, information ethics, and professional ethicsOffers an original ethical framework designed specif

Frontmatter -- Preface -- Contents -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Selected concepts of logic and philosophy -- 3. Science in historical perspective -- 4. Philosophy of science in historical perspective -- 5. Mathematical modelling -- 6. Measurement -- 7. Scientific explanation -- 8. Context of discovery -- 9. Context of justification -- 10. Uncertainty of scientific knowledge -- 11. Basic concepts of Western ethics -- 12. Western ethics in historical perspective -- 13. System of values associated with science -- 14. Principles of moral decision-making -- 15. General issues of research ethics -- 16. Ethical aspects of experimentation -- 17. Ethical aspects of information processing -- 18. Legal protection of intellectual property -- 19. Ethical issues implied by information technologies -- 20. Concluding remarks -- Appendix: Milestones in the history of science -- References -- Index of Names -- Index of Terms

There is a deep-seated realization that the uptake of digitization in newsrooms has necessitated the need for an ethical reformation. This article examines ethical issues confronting operations of selected Namibian hybrid media organizations. Using the Namibia Media Holdings and The Namibian as case studies, this article argues that the platformization of news work, ever-changing technological landscape, the immediacy of internet, media sustainability concerns, and the changing nature of public interest have reconfigured ethical decision-making in hybrid media organizations in Namibia. It demonstrates that although traditional journalism ethics are still relevant, there are new ethical issues confronting hybrid media organizations.