Suchergebnisse

In the aftermath glow of the end of the Cold War was seen faintly the swaggering footsteps of a triumphant USA ready to architect a new world attic with the mortars and bricks of its own politico-economic ideology. But the engendered vibe and euphoria bedecking America proved to be ephemeral with its dismal economic straits, failure of overseas military adventurism, terrorist attack on its trade center and loosening grip over global events, rise of other powers, and unwillingness of the world to kowtow to American lines. China, in contrast, showed ascendancy in economic growth, rising productive forces, military modernization, and ambitious global designs, giving rise to the neorealist zero-sum understanding that eclipsing USA has lent to the ascent of China in the global scene. But this kind of analysis is mostly founded on traditional paradigm of politico-military and economic power. What is primarily ignored or marginalized in the analysis of power structure in global politics is the demography, that is, aging population structure. The present article focuses on aging population structure of the USA, China and other great powers and tries to challenge this traditionally ingrained understanding of power structure and holds on to the view that if the current population structure is any indication, America will rule the roost in global politics.

Part I. Anthropological Demography and Human Ecological Behavioural Ecology: -- 1. Two solitudes -- 2. Why bother? -- 3. Anthropological demography: culture, not biology -- 4. Human evolutionary ecology: biology, not culture -- 5. Discussion: cultural and biological reductionism -- Part II. Reconciling Anthropological Demography and Human Evolutionary Ecology: -- 6. Common ground -- 7. Demographic strategies -- 8. Reproductive interests: social interactions, life effort and demographic strategies: a Rendille example -- 9. Sepaade as male mating effort -- 10. Rendille primogeniture as a parenting strategy -- 11. Summary: demographic strategies as links between culture and biology -- Part III. Mating Effort and Demographic Strategies: -- 12. Mating effort as demographic strategies -- 13. Cross-cultural mating strategies: polygyny and bridewealth, monogamy and dowry -- 14. Bridewealth and the matter of choice -- 15. Demographic and cultural change: values and morals -- 16. The end of the sepaade tradition: behavioral tracking and moral change -- Part IV. Demographic Strategies as Parenting Effort: -- 17. Parenting effort and the theory of allocation -- 18. The Trivers-Willard model and parenting strategies -- 19. Parity-specific parental strategies: the case of primogeniture -- 20. Local resource competition model -- 21. Infanticide and child abandonment: accentuating the negative -- 22. Adoption in modern China: stressing the positive -- 23. Summary: culture and biology in parental effort -- Part V. Future Research Directions: -- 24. The central place of sex in anthropology and evolution -- 25. Male sexuality, education and high risk behavior -- 26. Final ground: demographic transitions -- Part VI. References Cited.

AbstractEmpirical evidence concerning the demographics and development of Chinese nationalism is sparse but important for scholarship and policy. Its collection entails methodological challenges in access and reliability. We conducted a field experiment to measure nationalism in incentive-compatible choices among a diverse group of 447 Chinese subjects in a field setting. Our results demonstrate greater nationalism in female, older, less affluent and more rural respondents. We also find support for nationalism in professional and educated individuals. Our results provide qualified support for a middle-class nationalism in China.

This study investigates the main effect of demographic variables on organizational commitment (OC) and the moderating effect of gender and education on the relationship between OC and turnover intentions (TI) based on a survey of 333 employees in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Only position positively influenced employees' OC while other demographic variables had no main effects on OC. Gender was found to moderate the relationship between OC and TI but education did not. The results demonstrated that, under the influence of traditional Chinese culture, Chinese employees behave differently from their western counterparts. These differences were explained in terms of cultural variables, particularly, personalism and guanxi (personal relationship network).

Indonesia, the largest country in Southeast Asia, has as its national motto "Unity in Diversity." In 2010, Indonesia stood as the world's fourth most populous country after China, India and the United States, with 237.6 million people. This archipelagic country contributed 3.5 per cent to the world's population in the same year. The country's demographic and political transitions have resulted in an emerging need to better understand the ethnic composition of Indonesia. This book aims to contribute to that need. It is a demographic study on ethnicity, mostly relying on the tabulation provided by the BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik; Statistics-Indonesia) based on the complete data set of the 2010 population census. The information on ethnicity was collected for 236,728,379 individuals, a huge data set. The book has four objectives: To produce a new comprehensive classification of ethnic groups to better capture the rich diversity of ethnicity in Indonesia; to report on the ethnic composition in Indonesia and in each of the thirty three provinces using the new classification; to evaluate the dynamics of the fifteen largest ethnic groups in Indonesia during 2000-2010; and to examine the religions and languages of each of the fifteen largest ethnic groups

Empirical evidence concerning the demographics and development of Chinese nationalism is sparse but important for scholarship and policy. Its collection entails methodological challenges in access and reliability. We conducted a field experiment to measure nationalism in incentive-compatible choices among a diverse group of 447 Chinese subjects in a field setting. Our results demonstrate greater nationalism in female, older, less affluent and more rural respondents. We also find support for nationalism in professional and educated individuals. Our results provide qualified support for a middle-class nationalism in China. (China Q/GIGA)

Part I. Introduction -- Chapter 1. "Developments in Demography" (Joachim Singelmann and Dudley L. Poston, Jr.) -- Chapter 2. "What's Changing the World? A Demographer's Perspective" (Wendy Baldwin) -- Part II. Methodological and Statistical Issues -- Chapter 3. "A Demographic Evaluation of the Stability of ACS Estimates for ACS Test Sites: 2000 to 2011" (J. Gregory Robinson and Eric B. Jensen) -- Chapter 4. "Approaches for Addressing Missing Data in Statistical Analyses of Female and Male Adolescent Fertility" (Eugenia Conde and Dudley L. Poston, Jr.) -- Chapter 5. "Considering Local Measures of Poverty Using Shift-Share Techniques: A Comparative Analysis" (Gregory L. Hamilton and Melody Muldrow) -- Part III. Data Issues -- Chapter 6. "Potential Explanations for the high Net Undercount of Young Children in the U.S. Census" (William P. O'Hare) -- Chapter 7. "Babies no Longer: Projecting the 100+ Population." (Howard Hogan and Sandra Colby) -- Chapter 8. "Cohort approaches using educational data of the Czech Republic: Massification of Tertiary Education and its Impact on Education Attainment." (Vladimír Hulík, Klára Hulíková Tesárková) -- Chapter 9. "The Socio-Demographic Consequences of the Deep-Water Horizon Oil Spill: Measurement Issues for Policy Mitigation" (Joachim Singelmann and Corey Sparks) -- Part IV. Issues of Health, Aging, and Mortality -- Chapter 10. "Determinants of Female Sterilization in Brazil, 2001–2007" (Ernesto F. L. Amaral) -- Chapter 11. "Potential reduction in mortality associated with the shifts of population educational structures in the Czech Republic" (Jitka Rychtaříková, Klára Hulíková Tesárková) -- Chapter 12. "Aging and family support in the State of Mexico" (Viridiana Sosa Márquez) -- Chapter 13. "Impact of population ageing on household structure: evidence from the Czech Republic" (Pavlína Habartová, Klára Hulíková Tesárková, Olga Sivková) -- Chapter 14. "Intimate Homicide Mortality in Alaska from a Demographic Perspective" (Donna Shai) -- Chapter 15. "Correlates of Cognitive Decline among the Elderly: The Case of Mexicans in Mexico and in the United States" (Silvia Mejia Arango, Joachim Singelmann, Rogelio Saenz) -- Part V. Issues in Social Demography -- Chapter 16. "The Urban Hierarchies in China and the United States" (Qian Xiong and Dudley L. Poston, Jr.) -- Chapter 17. "School District Formation as an Explanation for Spatial and Temporal Dimensions of Concentrated Poverty in Bexar County, Texas" (Matthew Martinez) -- Chapter 18. "Marriage Selectivity & Stepfamily Formation (tentative title) (Gabriela Sánchez Soto) -- Chapter 19. "Minority Student Participation in International Programs: A Survey of Undergraduate Students Attending HBCUs" (Komanduri S. Murty and Jimmy D. McCamey, Jr.).

Recent management literature shows that demographic characteristics of top management and corporate performance are related. Bamber et al. (2010) conclude that managers' voluntary disclosure styles are related to demographic characteristics. Also, Francis et al. (2008) demonstrate a negative relation between CEO reputation and earnings quality. We conjecture that, management demography affects auditor choice and earnings quality. Using a sample of 3,881 firm-year observations between 2001 and 2005 in China and controlling for board governance characteristics, we find that a chairperson with better reputation (i.e., holding titles) prefers well-known auditors on the national basis, regional basis and in the industry group. Furthermore, chairpersons with titles and longer tenure report earnings of higher quality. Our results are robust using different measures of auditor choice and earnings quality.